Bozkır-Orman Geçiş Kuşağındaki Çalı Türlerinin Toprak Biyoçeşitliliğine Etkisi

Bitki örtüsünü, çalı ve otsu türlerin oluşturduğu kurak ekosistemlerde toprak canlılarının aktiviteleri birçok önemli ekosistem süreçlerinin oluşmasına neden olur. Kurak alanlarda özellikle yamalar halinde bulunan bitki örtüsü altında, çalı türlerinin altında ve biyolojik toprak kabuğunda mikroeklembacaklı çeşitliliği bitki örtüsüne sahip olmayan alanlara kıyasla daha fazla bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada meşe (Quercus pubescens Willd.) ve badem (Amygdalus orientalis Mill.) çalılarının toprak mikroeklembacaklılarının miktar ve çeşitliliği üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için 5 adet meşe kolektifi ve 5 adet badem çalısı belirlenmiş ayrıca 5 adet çalı türlerinin olmadığı kontrol alanı örneklenmiştir. Mikroeklembacaklıların araziden örneklenmesi için bozulmamış toprak örnekleri 5 cm çapında ve 5 cm yüksekliğindeki çelik silindirler kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak mikroeklembacaklıların miktarları zamansal ve mekânsal değişiklikler göstermiştir. Collembola ve Acarina taksonları mikroeklembacaklıların meşe alanında % 97, badem alanında % 93, kontrol alanında ise % 97’sini oluşturmaktadır. En yüksek toplam canlı miktarı 31179 bry.m-2 ile meşe kolektifi altında bulunmuştur. Badem ve kontrol alanlarında bulunan toplam mikroeklembacaklıların miktarı meşe alanına kıyasla sırası ile % 75 ve % 69 daha azdır. Toprak nemi ve pH’sı yarı kurak bozkır orman geçiş kuşağındaki mikroeklembacaklıların miktar ve dağılımlarındaki en önemli faktördür.

The Effect of Shrubs Species on Soil Biodiversity in Steppe-Forest Transition Zone

In the arid ecosystems formed by vegetation, shrub and herbaceous species, the activities of the soil fauna lead to the formation of many important ecosystem processes. In arid areas, diversity of microarthropods are more abundant especially under patchy vegetation, under shrub species, and in biological soil crust by comparison to the non-plant covered area. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) and almond (Amygdalus orientalis Mill.) shrub species on abundance and diversity of soil microarthropods. For this purpose, 5 oaks and 5 almond shrubs were selected and 5 control areas without shrub species were sampled. Microarthropods were collected by a soil core (5 cm diameter, 5 cm length) from each subplot. The abundance of microarthropods showed temporal and spatial changes. Collembola and Acarina taxa are composed of 97 % in oak, 93 % in almond and 97% in the control area. The highest total abundance was found in 31,179 inv.m-2 in oak. The total number of microarthropods in almond and control areas is 75 % and 69 % less than that of the oak respectively. The soil humidity and pH were the most important factor determining distribution, abundance, and survival of soil microarthropods in this semi-arid Steppe-Forest Transition Zone.

Keywords:

Collembola, Acari, ecotone arthropod, oak, almond,

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