Doğu Kayını Meşcerelerinde Aralamanın Yaprak Alan İndeksine Etkisi

Aralama, ormanların işletilmesinde kullanılan en önemli silvikültürel müdahalelerden biridir. Aralamalardaki genel amaç meşcere sıklığı ve kapalılığını kalıcı şekilde kırmadan kaliteli ve kalın çaplı gövdeye sahip bireylerin üretilmesidir. Meşcere kapalılığı ve sıklığı üzerinde etkili olan aralamalar meşcerenin yaprak alan indeksi (YAİ)’nide etkileyebilmektedir. YAİ meşcere sağlığı, verimlilik, intersepsiyon, transpirasyon, solunum ve net üretim gibi birçok orman ekosistem sürecinin anlaşılmasında anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Düzce yöresindeki iki ayrı saf doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) meşcerelerinde uygulanan üç farklı aralama şiddetinin YAİ’ne etkisini araştırmaktır. Aralama öncesi meşceredeki birey sayısı 1371-3072 adet ha-1, ortalama göğüs yüksekliği çapı 10-14 cm ve meşcere göğüs yüzeyi (GY) 25.2-29.6 m2 ha-1 dır. Aralama ile GY’nin %0’ı (kontrol), %27’si (mutedil) ve %40’ı (kuvvetli) meşcereden çıkartılmıştır. Aralama öncesinde ve aralama sonrası denemelerin her parselinde beş farklı noktada yerden ağaçların tepesine doğru yarı küresel dijital fotoğraflar çekildi. Dijital fotoğraflar HemiView V2.1 (Delta-T Device, İngiltere) paket programında analiz edilerek YAİ değerleri elde edildi. Aralama öncesi YAİ 3.37-5.14 m2 m-2 arasında değişmektedir. Kuvvetli işlemde aralamayla önemli ölçüde azalan YAİ, aralamadan 3-4 yıl sonra başlangıç değerine ulaştı. Sonuç olarak, aralama şiddetine göre azalan YAİ, yağışa da bağlı olarak, kısa süre içerisinde eski değerine ulaşabilmektedir. Bu kalan ağaçların daha fazla tepe tacı yayması ve yaprak üretmesiyle açıklanabilir.

The influence of thinning on the leaf area index of pure oriental beech stands

Thinning is one of the most important silvicultural interventions used in forestry operations. The general purpose of thinning is to produce high-quality individuals with thick trunks without permanently disrupting the density and closure of the stands. Thinning that influences the frequency pattern of the trees and stand density can therefore affect the leaf area index (LAI) of the stand. The LAI plays a key role in the understanding of the ecosystem processes of many forests, e.g., in the areas of health, productivity, interception, transpiration, respiration and net production. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different thinning intensities on the LAI in two pure oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in Düzce. Before the thinning, the number of trees in the stands was 1371–3072 ha-1, the average diameter at breast height was 10–14 cm and the basal area was 25.2–29.6 m2 ha-1. With the thinning, 0% (control), 27% (moderate) and 40% (heavy) of the basal area were removed. Hemispherical digital photographs were taken at five different locations in each parcel before and after the thinning. In order to obtain the LAI values, the digital images were analyzed via the HemiView V2.1 (Delta-T Device, UK) package program. It was determined that the pre-thinning LAI had changed by between 3.37 and 5.14 m2 m-2. The LAI, having declined considerably with the heavy thinning intensity, attained its initial value uninterrupted 3-4 years later. As a result, according to the intensity of the thinning, the beech stands were able to regain their initial LAI values in a short period of time, depending on the precipitation. This can be explained by the fact that the remaining tree crowns expanded and produced more leaves.

Keywords:

Leaf area index, thinning, Fagus orientalis Lipsky, oriental beech hemispherical digital photographs,

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