High-risk Factors of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Term Neonates: A Retrospective Case-control Study

Background:Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common critical disease intermneonates, butreasons fortheoccurrence of RDS remains unclear. Aims:Thisstudy aimed to investigate thecause of RDSin full-term neonates by a retrospective case-control study. Study Design: Case-control study.Methods:Among thepatients admitted toBayiChildren's Hospitalbetween January 2008 andDecember 2010, a totalof205full-termneonates withRDSwereassigned to thestudy group, and410full-termneonates without RDSwereassigned to thecontrol group. Clinical in-formation, including thepresence orabsence ofpremature rupture of membranes (PROM), gender oftheneonates, mode ofdelivery, birth weight, and any conditions suffered by the neonates were recorded.Results:Theresults oflogistic regression analysis showed thatthe following causes were closely correlated withtermneonatal RDS: selective cesarean section (OR:8.737; 95%CI:5.232-14.588), severe birthasphyxia (OR: 6.988; 95%CI:2.990-16.333), small gestational age(OR: 6.222; 95%CI:2.001-8.993), maternal-fetal infection (OR: 5.337; 95%CI:1.999-8.233), PROM (OR: 3.380; 95%CI:1.986-5.754), malesex(OR: 2.641; 95%CI:1.721-4.053), gestational glu-coseintolerance ordiabetes (OR: 2.415; 95%CI:1.721-4.053), and low birth weight (OR: 2.323; 95% CI: 1.329-4.060). Conclusion:Several high-risk factors, such asselective cesarean section, severe birthasphyxia, maternal-fetal infection, PROM, and male sexareclosely correlated withfull-term neonatal RDS. These could provide a significant reference forthediagnosis andtreatment of term neonatal RDS.

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