ÜST-DÜZEY KİŞİLİK FAKTÖRLERİ VE YAŞAMDA ANLAM: TEMEL PSİKOLOJİK İHTİYAÇLARIN ARACI ROLÜ

Bu araştırmanın amacı, üst-düzey kişilik faktörleri ile yaşamda anlam arasındaki ilişkide temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların aracılık rolünün test edilmesidir. Bu çalışmaya önerilen yapısal eşitlik modellemesinin test edilmesi amacıyla 360 lise öğrencisi katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği, Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği ve Yaşamda Anlam Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 20 ve LISREL 8.80 istatistik programları kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, lise öğrencilerinin üst-düzey kişilik yapıları ile yaşamda anlamın varlığı arasındaki ilişki temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar aracılığıyla sağlanmaktadır. Lise öğrencilerinin üst-düzey kişilik yapıları ile yaşamda anlam arayışı arasındaki ilişkide temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların aracı rolü yoktur. Ancak esneklik ve yaşamda anlam arayışı arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu model her iki cinsiyet grubunda da aynı şekilde geçerlidir

Higher-Order Personality and Meaning in Life: Examination the Role of Basic Psychological Needs with Structural Equation Modeling

The purpose of this study is to test the role of mediating effects of basic psychological needs in the relationship between higher-order personality factors and the meaning in life. In the study, 360 high school students participated to study for testing the proposed structural equation modeling. In order to gather data, Big Five Inventory, Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 20 and LISREL 8.80 statistical programs. The results * Yrd. Doç. Dr., Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi/Eğitim Fakültesi/Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü/Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Anabilim Dalı, nur.celik@alanya.edu.tr, ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-4361** Doç. Dr., İstanbul Üniversitesi/Eğitim Fakültesi/Bölüm/ Eğitim Bilimleri/Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Anabilim Dalı, ismen@istanbul.edu.tr, ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-5183revealed that satisfaction of basic psychological needs fully mediated the relationship between higher-order personality factors and presence of the meaning in life in high school students. The satisfaction of basic psychological needs does not have an intermediary role in the relationship between higher-order personality factors and search of meaning in life in high school students. However, the results also showed there is a significant positive relationship between plasticity and search of meaning in life. The model does not differ significantly according to gender

___

  • Atak, H. (2011). Kimlik gelişimi ve kimlik biçimlenmesi: Kuramsal bir değer- lendirme. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 163–213.
  • Battista, J., ve Almond, R. (1973). The development of meaning in life. Psychi- atry, 36, 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040571X7908200403
  • Brassai, L., Piko, B. F. ve Steger, M. F. (2011). Meaning in life: Is it a protective factor for adolescents’ psychological health? International Journal of Be- havioral Medicine, 18(1), 44–51. doi:10.1007/s12529-010-9089-6
  • Chang, L., Connelly, B. S. ve Geeza, A. (2012). Separating method factors and higher order traits of the big five: A meta-analytic multitrait-multimet- hod approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 408–26. doi: 10.1037/a0025559
  • Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. (2009). Özerklik desteği, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumu ve öznel iyi olma: Öz belirleme kuramı. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(31), 23-31.
  • Costa, P. T. ve McCrae, R. R. (1985). The revised neo personality inventory (NEO PI-R) (179–194). In Gregory J Boyle, Gerald Matthews ve D. H. Saklofske (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment. London: SAGE.
  • Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A. ve McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Jour- nal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322–331, doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.81.2.322
  • d’Ailly, H. (2003). Children’s autonomy and perceived control in learning: A model of motivation and achievement in Taiwan. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 84–96. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.84
  • Debats, D. L., Drost, J. ve Hansen, P. (1995). Experiences of meaning in life: A combined qualitative and quantitative approach. British Journal of Psy- chology, 86(3), 359–375. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02758.x
  • Deci, E. L. ve Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109–134.
  • Deci, E. L. ve Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Hu- man needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inqu- iry, 11(4), 227–268, doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Demirbaş, N. (2010). Yaşamda anlam ve yılmazlık. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Demirbaş, N. ve Keklik, İ. (Ekim, 2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşamda anlam düzeyleri ve yılmazlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. XI. Ulusal Psikolojik Da- nışmanlık ve Rehberlik Kongresi. İzmir
  • DeYoung, C. G. (2006). Higher-order factors of the big five in a multi-infor- mant sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 1138–51. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1138
  • DeYoung, C. G., Peterson, J. B. ve Higgins, D. M. (2002). Higher-order fac- tors of the big five predict conformity: Are there neuroses of health? Personality and Individual Differences, 33(4), 533–552. doi:10.1016/S0191- 8869(01)00171-4
  • Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor mo- del. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 417–440. doi: 10.1146/annurev. ps.41.020190.002221
  • Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factors of the big five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(6), 1246–56.
  • Erikson, E. (1968). Youth: Identity and crisis. (7th Ed.). New York: WW NY:
  • Fahlman, S. A., Mercer, K. B., Gaskovski, P., Eastwood, A. E. ve Eastwood, J. D. (2009). Does a lack of life meaning cause boredom? Results from psy- chometric, longitudinal, and experimental analyses. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 307–340, doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.3.307
  • Frankl, V. E. (2009). İnsanın Anlam Arayışı (Selçuk Budak, Çev.). (4. Baskı). İs- tanbul: Okuyan Us Yayınları. (Orijinali 1963’te yayımlanmıştır.)
  • Fry, P. S. (2000). Religious involvement, spirituality and personal meaning for life: Existential predictors of psychological wellbeing in community- re- siding and institutional care elders. Aging and Mental Health, 4(4), 375– 387. doi: 10.1080/13607860020010547
  • Gagne, M. (2003). The Role of Autonomy Support and Autonomy Orientation in Prosocial Behavior Engagement 1. Motivation and Emotion, 27(3), 199–224.
  • İlhan, T. ve Özbay, Y. (2010). Yaşam amaçlarının ve psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumu- nun öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki yordayıcı rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 109-118.
  • John, O. P. ve Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measure- ment, and theoretical perspectives. L. A. Pervin, & O. P. John (Ed.). (2. Ed.). Handbook of personality: Theory and research 102-138.
  • Kındap, Y. (2011). Kendini belirleme kuramı temelinde ergenlikte destekliyici ebevey- nlik, akademik ve sosyal uyum ve kendini belirleme düzeyi arasındaki ilişkilerin boylamsal olarak incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Metho- dology in the social sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 2). New York: Guilford.
  • Kocayörük, E. (2012). Öz-Belirleme kuramı açısından ergenlerin anne baba algısı ile duyuşsal iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişki. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(37), 24–37.
  • Lavigne, K. M., Hofman, S., Ring, A. J., Ryder, A. G., ve Woodward, T. S. (2013). The personality of meaning in life: Associations between dimensions of life meaning and the Big Five. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 34–43. doi:0.1080/17439760.2012.736527
  • Lehmann, R., Denissen, J. J. A., Allemand, M. ve Penke, L. (2013). Age and gender differences in motivational manifestations of the big five from age 16 to 60. Developmental Psychology, 49(2), 365–83. doi:10.1037/a0028277
  • Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. J. Adelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (pp. 159–187). New Jersey: Wiley.
  • Marsh, H. W., Nagengast, B. ve Morin, A. J. S. (2013). Measurement invariance of big-five factors over the life span: ESEM tests of gender, age, plasticity, maturity, and la dolce vita effects. Developmental Psychology, 49(6), 1194–218, doi:10.1037/a0026913
  • Mascaro, N. ve Rosen, D. H. (2006). The Role of Existential Meaning as a Buffer Against Stress. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 46(2), 168–190, doi:10.1177/0022167805283779
  • Maslow, A. (1965). Self-Actualization and beyond. In Conference on the Training of Counselors of Adults (p. 27).
  • Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M. ve Deci, E. L. (2009). The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life. Journal of Research in Personality, 73(3), 291–306. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.09.001
  • Pan, J.-Y. Y., Wong, D. F. K., Joubert, L. ve Chan, C. L. W. (2007). Acculturative stressor and meaning of life as predictors of negative affect in acculturation: A cross-cultural comparative study between chinese international students in australia and hong kong. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(9), 740–50. doi:10.1080/00048670701517942
  • Pan, J. Y., Wong, D. F. K., Chan, C. L. W. ve Joubert, L. (2008). Meaning of life as a protective factor of positive affect in acculturation: A resilience framework and a cross-cultural comparison. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 505–514. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.08.002
  • Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: an integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257–301.
  • Park, C. L., Riley, K. E. ve Snyder, L. B. (2012). Meaning making coping, making sense, and post-traumatic growth following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(3), 198–207, doi: 10.1080/17439760.2012.671347
  • Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J. ve Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Perso- nality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419–435.
  • Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integ- rative processes. Journal of Personality, 63(3), 398–427. doi.or- g/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Ryan, R. M. ve Deci, E. L. (2000a). Self-determination theory and the facili- tation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
  • Ryan, R. M. ve Deci, E. L. (2000b). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 319–338.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the mea- ning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psycho- logy, 57(6), 1069–1081.
  • Scannell, E. D., Allen, F. C. L. ve Burton, J. (2002). Meaning in life and positi- ve and negative well-being. North American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 93–112.
  • Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M. ve Allik, J. (2009). “Why can’t a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in big five personality traits across 55 cultures”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 118–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014651
  • Schnell, T. ve Becker, P. (2006). Personality and meaning in life. Persona- lity and Individual Differences, 41(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. paid.2005.11.030
  • Seligman, M. E. P. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An intro- duction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Sezer, S. (2012). Yaşamın anlamı konusuna kuramsal ve psikometrik açısın- dan bir bakış. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 45(1), 209–227.
  • Somer, O., Korkmaz, M., Dural, S. ve Can, S. (2009). Ölçme eşdeğerliğinin ya- pısal eşitlik modellemesi ve madde cevap kuramı kapsamında incelen- mesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 24(64), 61–75.
  • Steger, M. F. (2012). Making meaning in life. Psychological Inquiry, 23(4), 381– 385, doi:10.1080/1047840X.2012.720832
  • Steger, M. F. ve Crystal, L. P. (2012). The creation of meaning following trauma: Meaning making and trajectories of distress and recovery. R. A. McMackin, E. Newman, J. M. Fogler, ve T. M. Keane (Ed.). Trauma therapy in con- text: The science and craft of evidence-based practice (pp. 171–191). Washington DC: APA.
  • Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S. ve Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life ques- tionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Jour- nal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0167.53.1.80
  • Steger, M. F. ve Kashdan, T. B. (2013). The unbearable lightness of meaning: Well-being and unstable meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psycho- logy, 8(2), 103–115, doi:10.1080/17439760.2013.771208
  • Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., Sullivan, B. A. ve Lorentz, D. (2008). Understan- ding the search for meaning in life: Personality, cognitive style, and the dynamic between seeking and experiencing meaning. Journal of Persona- lity, 76(2), 199–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00484.x
  • Sümer, N., Lajunen, T. ve Türker Özkan. (2005). Big five personality traits as the distal predictors of road accident involvement. Underwood (Ed.), Traf- fic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application (pp. 215–227). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Şahin, S. E. ve Korkut-Owen, F. (2009). Psikolojik ihtiyaçları farklı lise öğrenci- lerinin saldırganlık düzeyleri. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Der- gisi, 4(32), 64–74.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş-temel ilkeler ve LISREL uy- gulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayınları.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. ve Koydemir, S. (2012). Linking metatraits of the big five to well-being and ill-being: Do basic psychological needs matter? Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012- 0049-1
  • Şimşek, Ö. F., Koydemir, S. ve Schütz, A. (2012). A multigroup multitraitmul- timethod study in two countries supports the validity of a two-factor higher order model of personality. Journal of Research in Personality. 46, 442-449.
  • Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Barbaranelli, C. ve Caprara, G. (2011). Higher-or- der factors of the big five and basic values: empirical and theoretical relations. British Journal of Psychology, 102(3), 478–98. doi: 10.1111/j.2044- 8295.2010.02006.x
  • Zika, S. ve Chamberlain, K. (1992). On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 83(1), 133–145.