Ayşe Hadan DÖKMECİ, Suna Özden ÇELİK, Gül KAYKIOĞLU, Atakan ÖNGEN

Tekirdağ’da Çorlu ilinde endüstriyel alanlardaki toprakta ağır metal kirliliğinin çevresel ve insan sağlığı açısından etkileri

Toprak, bitkilerin makro ve mikro elementlerini sağladığı ana karadır. Özellikle tarıma elverişli toprakların yakınında kurulan sanayi tesisleri çevresel ve insan sağlığı açısından büyük tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Tekirdağ’ın Çorlu ilçesinde bulunan sanayi tesislerinin oluşturduğu kirlilik yüzey suyunun da kalitesini etkilemiş ve bunun sonucunda toprak da etkilenmiştir. Toprak kirliliği besin zinciri yoluyla insan sağlığını büyük oranda etkilemektedir. Çalışmamızda 2006- 2007 yılları arasında sanayinin yoğun olduğu Çorlu ilinden 3 aylık periyotlar şeklinde toprak numuneleri toplanmıştır.Sanayi atık sularının deşarj edildiği yüzey sularına yakın 7 noktadan toplanan toprak numunelerinde Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cd ve Cr miktarları Alevli Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrometresi (FAAS) ile belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen ağır metal miktarlarını ulusal ve uluslararası izin verilebilir sınır değerlerle karşılaştırarak değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle Türkgücü köyü, Çorlu deresi (Sinop Mah.) ve Velimeşe Çerkezköy Organize Sanayi Bölgesi (OSB) civarından toplanan toprak numunelerinde Zn, Cr, Cd ve Ni içeriği çoğunlukla Toprak Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği (TKKY) EK-Ia’da belirtilen sınır değerlerin üzerinde tespit edilmiştir. Toprakta tespit edilen ağır metallerin varlığı, tarımsal üretime, yer altı suyu kalitesine ve dolaylı yoldan insan sağlığına olumsuz etkide bulunabilir. Bu yüzden ağır metaller tarafından kirlenmiş toprağın iyileştirilmesi, pestisit kullanımının kontrolü ve en önemlisi ağır metalleri giderebilecek arıtma tesislerinin dizaynını yaparak antropojenik kaynaklı atık suların arıtılarak alıcı ortamlara verilmesini sağlamaktır.

Environmental and human health effects of heavy metal pollution in the soil in industrial areas in Çorlu province in Tekirdağ

Soil is the main terrain where plants provide macro and micro elements. Especially industrial facilities established near arable land poses a great threat to environment and human health. The pollution produced by the industrial facilities located in Çorlu district of Tekirdağ affected the quality of the surface water and as a result it was affected in the soil too. Soil pollution is influenced by the human chain of nutrients in large proportions. In our work, soil samples were collected from Çorlu province between 2006 and 2007 in 3-month periods. Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cd and Cr were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) in soil samples collected from the surface near the surface waters where industrial wastewater was discharged. The quantities of detected heavy metals were evaluated by comparing them with national and international permissible limit values. Especially Zn, Cr, Cd and Ni contents in soil sampled from Türkgücü village, Çorlu stream (Sinop neighborhood) and Velimeşe Çerkezköy OSB have mostly been determined above the limit values stated in TKKY Annex-Ia. The presence of heavy metals detected in the soil can negatively affect agricultural production, groundwater quality and indirect human health. Therefore, the treatment of soil polluted by heavy metals, the control of pesticide usage and the most important is to design the treatment plants which can remove heavy metals, so that the anthropogenic wastewater is treated and supplied to the receiving environments.

Keywords:

Industrial district heavy metal pollution, soil, human health, Tekirdağ,

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