Şizofreni Hastalarının Sigara İçme ve Sigara Bırakmaya İlişkin Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Analiz

Amaç: Şizofreni tanılı hastaların genel nufüsla kıyasladığında sigra içme oranlarının yüksek, sigarayı bırakma oranlarının ise düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile şizofreni tanılı hastaların sigara içme ve sigara bırakmaya yönelik deneyimlerini keşfetmek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desene dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış, 15 sigara içen birey ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan tematik analizde 4 tema; “Şizofrenin etkileri”, “Sigara ile baş etme”, “Sigara içmeyi etkileyen faktörler”, “Sigara bırakmaya engeller” ve 13 alt tema belirlenmiştir. Araştırma ile şizofreni tanılı hastaların hastalığın getirdiği sorunlar, ilaç tedavileri, can sıkıntısı, yalnızlık ve duygusal yoğunlukla baş etmek için sigara içmeye yöneldikleri görülmüştür. Bazı hastalar sigarayı bırakmada isteksiz, bazıları yeterli motivasyon ve tıbbi desteğe sahip değildir. Sonuç: Sigara içmenin getirdiği çok boyutlu sorunları önlemek için sigara içmeyi artıran faktörleri yönetmeyi sağlayan, sigara içmeyi azaltan faktörleri güçlendiren ve sigara bırakmayı teşvik eden müdahale çalışmalarının yapılması önerilir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Şizofreni, sigara içme, sigara bırakma, nitel araştırma

The Experiences of Patients with Schizophrenia on Smoking and Cessation: A Qualitative Study

Objective: Compared to the general population, patients with schizophrenia have high smoking rates and low smoking cessation rates. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients with schizophrenia regarding smoking and quitting. Method: The study was carried out based on the phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. Purposeful sampling method was used in the research, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 smokers using a semi-structured interview form. Results: In the thematic analysis, 4 themes, "Effects of schizophrenia", "Coping with smoking", "Factors affecting smoking", "Barriers to quitting smoking" and 13 sub-themes were determined. With the research, it has been seen that those with schizophrenia tend to smoke to cope with the problems caused by the disease, drug treatments, boredom, loneliness and emotional intensity. Some patients are reluctant for smoking cessation, some do not have sufficient motivation and medical support. Conclusion: In order to prevent the multidimensional problems caused by smoking, it is recommended to conduct intervention studies that enable to manage the factors that increase smoking, strengthen the factors that reduce smoking and encourage smoking cessation.

Keywords:

Schizophrenia, smoking, smoking cessation, qualitative study,

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