Madde kullanımına bağlı infeksiyonlar

Amaç: Madde kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşan bir problemdir ve başta infeksiyon hastalıkları olmak üzere hayatı tehdit edici boyutlara ulaşan çeşitli komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada madde kullanımıyla ilgili infeksiyonlar literatür ışığında gözden geçirilmiştir. Yöntem: 1990-2005 yılları arasındaki dönem için “substance abuse”, “infection”, ve “intravenous” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak PubMed ve Sciencedirect aracılığı ile literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca konuyla ilgili kitaplardan yararlanılmıştır.Bulgular: Damar yoluyla madde kullananlarda özellikle HIV, hepatit B ve hepatit C virüsü infeksiyonlarına ve cinsel yolla bulaşan infeksiyonlara sık rastlanır. Maddenin kendisi, steril olmayan şartlarda uygulanması, enjektör paylaşımı, korunmasız cinsel ilişkiler ve birden fazla cinsel eşin olması infeksiyon hastalıklarının sıklığının nedenlerindendir. İnfeksiyon hastalıkları hakkında bilgilendirme, iğne değişimi programları, aşılamanın yaygınlaştırılması ve eşlik eden psikiyatrik tanıların tespiti infeksiyonların önlenmesini ve azalmasını sağlayacaktır. Madde bağımlılığına sıklıkla başka ruhsal bozukluklar da eşlik edebildiğinden ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının tedavi ekibinin bir parçası olması gerekmektedir. Madde kullanımı ile ilgili damgalamayla da mücadele edilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çerçevede topluma madde bağımlılığının tıbbi bir durum olduğu anlatılmalıdır.Sonuç: Madde kullananlarda gelişen infeksiyon hastalıklarının nedenleri iyi anlaşılarak koruyucu ve tedavi edici yöntemler geliştirilmeli, hastalar bireysel olarak özenle ele alınmalı, ayrıca toplum ve hastalar yeterli ölçüde bilgilendirilmelidir.

Infections due to substance usage

Objective: Usage of drugs is a growing problem and may cause complications that can seriously effect one’s life. One of these life-threatening complications is infectious diseases. In this article infectious diseases associated with drug usage have been reviewed.Method: Literature on infectious diseases between 1990-2005 have been accessed using Pubmed and Sciencedirect with the key words “substance abuse”, “infections” and “intravenous”. Textbooks on the topic have been reviewed.Results: Human Immunedeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B, hepatitis C and sexually transmitted diseases are widespread in intravenous substance users. The substance itself, unsterile conditions, injector sharing, sexual intercourse without protection and having multiple partners are the major reasons of the higher prevalence of the infectious diseases among the substance users. Informing on infectious diseases, needle exchange programs, widening of the immunization and diagnosis of the comorbid psychiatric disorders may prevent and reduce infectious diseases in this population. Mental health professionals should be involved in the treatment of drug abusers with infectious diseases. Stigmatization on drug abuse is another important issue to struggle against. It should be clearly explained to the society that drug abuse is a medical problem. Conclusion: The causes of infections diseases in drug abusers should be thoroughly investigated, preventive and new treatment strategies should be developed and the patients as well as the society should be well informed.

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