An advanced envelope retrofit option to increase solar gain and ventilation through façade for reducing energy demand of residence buildings

Researches on reducing building originated yearly energy demand are among the top issues in every country. Nowadays, lots of scientific researches were performed in Mediterranean countries like in others in order to designate different methods to improve the energy performance of the buildings. Turkey is one of the representative countries of Mediterranean climate. Additionally, Turkey follows the developments in EU and EPBD 2010/31/EU became the lead document to direct Turkish building ener-gy policy. National research projects are being done to adopt the methodology in EPBD 2010/31/EU to national conditions. As a finding of the national research project, unlike the standard residential building types, conventional façade retrofit measures doesn’t have a considerable effect on energy performance improvement of luxury residential building type. Therefore, an advanced façade retrofit method, which increases solar gain and ventilation rate through the façade depending on the requirement of the season, was suggested for these kinds of buildings in this study and the approach was summa-rized through the sample case calculations. The approach in this paper offers a different perspective on building envelope retrofits while reaching EU’s 2020 target especially to increase renewable energy portion in building construction. Therefore, a new exterior wall component detail was suggested and theoretical investigations were done on an example building to reveal if the façade detail serves for the purpose. Consequently, it was shown that the suggested wall component has big potential to reduce yearly energy demand of luxury residential buildings in comparison to the traditional retrofit actions.

___

ANSI/ASHRAE 2013. ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 Thermal Environ-mental Conditions for Human Occu-pancy.

Arçelik A.Ş., , [accessed: January 2015].

Bosch Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş., , [accessed: Janu-ary 2015].

COM, 2011. Communication from the Commission to the European Par-liament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Energy Efficiency Plan 2011, European Com-mission; 109 final, Brussels.

Connelly, K., Wu, Y., Chen, J., Lei, Y., 2016. Design and development of a re-flective membrane for a novel Building Integrated Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) ‘Smart Window’ system. Ap-plied Energy, 182, 331-339.

EnergyPlus Software, [ac-cessed 2012].

EU, 2009. Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the pro-motion of the use of energy from re-newable sources. Official Journal of the European Union.

EU, 2010. EPBD recast, Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parlia-ment and of Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of build-ings (recast). Official Journal of the Eu-ropean Union.

EU, 2012. COMMISSION DEL-EGATED REGULATION (EU) No 244/2012 of 16 January 2012 Supple-menting Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Coun-cil on the energy performance of build-ings by establishing a comparative methodology framework for calculat-ing cost-optimal levels of minimum energy performance requirements for buildings and building elements, Offi-cial Journal of the European Union.

Favoino, F., Overend, M., Jin, Q., 2015. The optimal thermo-optical properties and energy saving potential of adaptive glazing technologies. Ap-plied Energy, 156, 1-15.

Fong, K. F., Lee, C. K., Chow, T. T., 2012. Comparative study of solar cool-ing systems with building-integrated solar collectors for use in sub-tropical regions like Hong Kong. Applied Ener-gy, 90, 189-195.

Hunter Douglas, Energy and Light Tool. Developed by Sander Teunissen. Software version: 1.0.0.129.

İGDAŞ (Istanbul Gas Distribution Industry and Trade Inc.), , [accessed: December 2015].

Li, Q. S., Shu, Z. R., Chen, F. B., 2016. Performance assessment of tall build-ing-integrated wind turbines for power generation. Applied Energy, 165, 777-788.

Olson D.L., 2003. Cost/benefit anal-ysis. Encyclopedia Inf. Syst., 1:333–44.

Republic of Turkey Ministry of Family and Social Policies, 2011, 2013. Türkiye Aile Yapısı Araştırması (Turk-ish Family Structure Research), TAYA [in Turkish].

Republic of Turkey Ministry of En-ergy and Natural Resources, 2016. Tür-kiye Ulusal Enerji Verimliliği Eylem Planı [Turkish National Energy Effi-ciency Action Plan], Ankara [in Turk-ish].

Sun, L., Lu, L., Yang, H., 2012. Op-timum design of shading-type build-ing-integrated photovoltaic claddings with different surface azimuth angles. Applied Energy, 90, 233-240.

Şişecam A.Ş., , [accessed: March 2015].

TCMB (Republic of Turkey Central Bank) , [accessed: January 2015].

TEDAŞ (Turkish Electricity Distri-bution Corporation), , [accessed: December 2015].

TSE [Turkish Standards Institution], 1999. Binalarda Isı Yalıtım Kuralları [Thermal Insulation Requirements for Buildings], TS 825, Ankara [in Turk-ish].

US Department of Energy, 2014. En-ergyPlus, Input Output Reference, The Encyclopedic Reference to Energy-Plus Input and Output. COPYRIGHT 1996-2014 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois and the Regents of the University of California through the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

US Department of Energy. Septem-ber 2015. EnergyPlus, Engineering Reference, The Reference to Energy-Plus Calculations. COPYRIGHT 1996-2014 The Board of Trustees of the Uni-versity of Illinois and the Regents of the University of California through the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Vestel Şirketler Grubu, , [accessed: January 2015].

Yılmaz, A. Z., Ashrafian, T., Ganiç, N., Gali, G., Akgüç, A. (project team), 2015. Binalarda Maliyet Optimum En-erji Verimliliği Seviyesi için Türkiye Koşullarına Uygun Yöntemin ve Refer-ans Binaların Belirlenmesi [Determi-nation of Turkish Reference Residen-tial Buildings and National Method for Defining Cost Optimum Energy Efficiency Level of Buildings], Scientif-ic and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [in Turkish]. Project Code: 1001. Project Number: 113M596.