Kronik Hastalıkların Yönetiminde Öz Yönetim Stratejilerinin Önemi ve Hemşirenin Rolü

Güç geçtikçe hızla artan kronik hastalıklar; ölüm ve sakatlık nedenleri arasında ilk sırada yer almakta, sağlık sistemini olumsuzyönde etkilemekte ve toplumsal yüke neden olmaktadır. Önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelen kronik hastalıklarınyönetiminde sadece ilaç tedavisi ve eğitim yeterli olmamakta, bunların yanı sıra beslenme, aktivite- egzersiz, semptom kontrolü,kendi kendine izlem gibi basamaklarda da aktif rol alması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle bireye hastalığının yönetimi için sorumlulukveren ve sağlık hizmetleriyle entegrasyonu sağlayan öz yönetim stratejileri; kronik hastalıkların semptomlarının önlenmesi vegiderilmesi açısından önemlidir. Yapılan çalışmalar öz yönetim stratejilerinin astım, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH),inme, diyabet, epilepsi ve kanser gibi sık görülen, sakatlıklara ve ölüme yol açan kronik hastalıkların başarılı yönetilmesine önemlikatkılar sağladığını göstermektedir. Kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerle doğrudan iletişim kuran ve bakımını sürdüren hemşirelerinöz yönetim stratejilerini bakım planı içerisine entegre etmesi, öz yönetim stratejilerinin yönetiminde doğrudan yetkilendirilmesiönemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, kronik hastalıkların yönetiminde öz yönetim stratejilerinin neler olduğu, nasıl kullanılacağı,sağlık hizmetlerine katkıları ve hemşirelik açısından önemini açıklamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

hemşirelik, kronik hastalıklar, öz yönetim stratejileri

The Importance of Self-Management Strategies and The Role of Nurses in The Management of Chronic Diseases

Chronic diseases that increase rapidly as the strength goes on; it ranks first among the causes of death and disability, affectsthe health system negatively and causes social burden. In the management of chronic diseases, which have become animportant public health problem, not only medication and education are sufficient, but they also need to take an active role insteps such as nutrition, activity-exercise, symptom control, and self-monitoring. For this reason, self-management strategiesthat give responsibility to the individual for the management of his disease and ensure integration with health services; it isimportant for the prevention and relief of the symptoms of chronic diseases. Studies show that self-management strategiesmake important contributions to the successful management of common chronic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, diabetes, epilepsy and cancer that lead to disability and death. It is important that nurseswho communicate directly with individuals with chronic diseases and maintain their care, integrate their self-managementstrategies into the care plan and directly empower them in the management of self-management strategies. The purpose ofthis review is to explain what self-management strategies are in the management of chronic diseases, how to use them, theircontribution to health services and their importance in terms of nursing.

Keywords:

Chronic Diseases, Nursing, Self-Management Strategies,

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