Osman KINA, Tünay KONTAŞ AŞKAR, Murat GÜZEL

Dirofilariosisli Köpeklerde Bir Biyomarker Olarak Paraoksonaz Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi

Dirofilariosis, sivrisineklerle bulaşan özellikle kardiopulmoner hastalıklara yol açan dirofilaria türlerinin neden olduğu zoonoz bir paraziter hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada D. immitis ile enfekte köpeklerde paraoksonaz (PON) aktivitesi yanında, diğer enzim aktivite (AST, ALT, LDH, CK, CK-MB) ile lipid profili (trigliserit, total kolesterol, çok düşük dansiteli lipoprtotein, Düşük dansiteli lipoprotein, Yüksek Dansiteli lipoprotein) değişimlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 4-6 yaş arası 30 sağlıklı ve 30 dirofilariosisli köpekde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dirofilariosisli köpeklerde serum aspartat aminotransferaz (p < 0.001), alanin aminotransferaz (p < 0.001), kreatin kinaz (p < 0.001) ve laktat dehidrogenaz (p < 0.01) aktivitesi ile kreatin kinaz-MB izoenzim (p < 0.001) aktivitesi, sağlıklı köpeklere göre yüksek bulunmuştur. Serum bazal paraoksonaz (p < 0.01) ise sağlıklı köpeklere göre düşük bulunmuştur. Yapılan lipid profili analizlerinde ise, dirofilariosisli köpeklerde serum trigliserid (p < 0.01), çok düşük dansiteli lipoprotein (p < 0.05) ve düşük dansiteli lipoprotein (p < 0.001) düzeyleri sağlıklı köpeklere göre yüksek bulunurken, serum total kolesterol (p < 0.001) ve yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein (p < 0.01) aktivitesi ise düşük bulunmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin ışığında, serum bazal paraoksonaz aktivite düzeyi ölçümlerinin, dirofilariosisli köpeklerde meydana gelen kardiak hasarın belirlenmesinde, LDH ve CK-MB gibi yararlı bir indikatör olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dirofilariosis, Köpek, Paraoksonaz, Lipid profili

Determination of Paraoxonase Activity as a Biomarker in Dogs with Dirofilariosis

Dirofilariosis is a common asymptomatic zoonotic disease in which parasite adults are primarily found in pulmonary arteries and the right-side of the heart. Interest about the role of paraoxonase (PON) activity in cardiovascular diseases is increasing day by day. In this study we aimed to define the changes in enzyme activities (AST, ALT, LDH, CK, CK-MB) with paraoxonase activity and lipid prophile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) in dogs with dirofilariosis. 15 healthy dogs and 30 dogs with dirofilariosis (antigen positive for adult D. immitis and negative for microfilariae) between 4-6 years of old age were enrolled in this study. Significantly higher serum trigliseride (p<0.01), very low-density lipoprotein (p<0.05), and low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) levels and aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.001), alanin aminotransferase (p<0.001), creatine kinase (p<0.001), creatine kinase MB fraction (p<0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p<0.01) activities were found in dogs with dirofilariosis compared to healthy dogs. On the other hand, significantly lower total cholesterol (p <0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.01) levels were found in dogs with dirofilariosis. Also, serum basal paraoxonase (p<0.01) activities of dogs with dirofilariosis were significantly lower than in the control group. In conclusion, serum bazal paraoxonase activity can be used as a marker of cardiac damage, such as LDH and CK-MB, in dogs with dirofilariosis.

Keywords:

Dirofilariosis, Dog, Paraoxonase, Lipid profile,

PDF

___

Altındağ Ö, Karakoç M, Soran N, et al. (2007). Paraoxanase and arylesterase activites in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatism, 22: 132-136.
Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Bisgair CL. (1998). Paraoxonase inhibits high density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidation and preserves its functions: a possible peroxidative role for paraoxonase. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 101: 1581-1590.
Bakırel U, Güneş S. (2009). Value Of Cardıac Markers In Dogs Wıth Chronıc Mıtral Valve Dısease. ActaVeterinaria, 59(2-3): 223-229.
Baskol G, Baskol M, Yurci A, et al. (2006). Serum papoxonase 1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in patients with ulcerative colitis. Cell Biochem Function, 24:283-286.
Carretóna E, Morchónb R, Simónb F, Justea MC, Méndez JC, Montoya-Alonso JA. (2014). Cardiopulmonary and inflammatory biomarkers in the assessment of the severity of canine dirofilariosis. Veterinary Parasitology, 206; 43–47.
Çakıroğlu D, Meral Y. (2007). Samsun Bölgesinde, Köpeklerde Dirofilaria İmmitis Enfestasyonu İnsidansıİncelenmesi. JIVS, 2:1-12.
Ece A, Kelekçi S, Kocamaz H, et al. (2007). Antioxidant enzyme activies, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant status in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Clin Rheumatol, 27:163-167.
Eckerson H, Wyte C, La Du. (1983). The human serum paraoxonase/arylesterase polymorphism. Am. J. Hum.Genet, 35:1126–1138.
Efrat M, Rosenblat M, Mahmood S, et al. (2009). Di-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC-18:1) stimulates paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzymatic and biological activities, 202:461-469.
Farid SA, Horii Y. (2008). Gastrointestinal nematode infection increases organophosphate toxicity in rats.Toxicology Letters, 180: 33–37.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Frederickson DS. (1972). Estimation of the Concentration of Low- Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Plasma, Without Use of the Preparative Ultracentrifuge, Clinical Chemistry, 18: 499-502.
Jacobs RM, Lumsden JH, Vernau W. (1992). Canine and feline reference values. In: Current Veterinary Therapy XI Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia, 1250-1278.
Jarvik GP, Jampsa R, Richter RJ, et al. (2003). Novel paraoxonase (PON1) nonsense and missense mutations predicted by functional genomic assay of PON1 status. Pharmacogenetic,13: 291–295.
Juretic D, Tadijanovic M, Rekic B, et al. (2001). Serum Paraoxonase activitiesin hemodialyzed Uremic patients: cohort study. Clinical science, 42(2): 146-150.
Kartashev V, Batashova I, Kartashov S, et al. (2011). Canine and Human Dirofilariosis in the Rostov Region (South Russia). Veterinary Medicine İnternational, 1-5.
Kitagawa H, Ishiao K, Kawokomi M. (1981). Cardiopulmonary fonction values before and after heartworm removed in dogs with caval syndrome. Am J Vet Res, 52: 126-132.
Knott J. (1939). A method for making microfilarial surveys on day blood. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg, 33: 191.
Martinelli N, Consoli L, Girelli D, Grison E, Corrocher R, Olivieri O. (2013). Paraoxonases: ancient substrate hunters and their evolving role in ischemic heart disease. Adv Clin Chem, 59:65-100.
McCall JW, Guerrero J, Genchi C, et al. (2004). Recent advances in heartworm disease. Veterinary Parasitology, 105–130.
Meral Y, Bakırel U. (2007). BDR köpekte kalp kurdu hastalığının(dirofilaria immitis) ekokardiyografik teşhisi. JIVS, 3:1-10.
Montaya A, Morales M, Juste C, et al. (2006). Seroprevalence of canine heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) on Tenerife Island: an epidemiological update. Parasitol Res, 100:103-105.
Öncel T, Vural. (2007). Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs in İstanbul and İzmir. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 29:785-789.
Sarıtaş Z, Akın F, Şahal M, Öcal N. (2005). Open Heart Surgery Applications in Dogs Suffering from NaturalInfection of Dirofilaria immitis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 713-721.
Sarkar P, Basak D, Bhattacharyya H. (1978). Pathology of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. Indian Vet.J, 53 (1): 55-57.
Sevimli KF, Kozan E, Bülbül A, et al. (2007). Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs: unusually located and unusual findings. Parasitol Res, 101:1487–1494.
Song KH, Lee SE, Hayasaki M. (2003). Seroprevalance of canine dirofilariosis in South Korea. Vet Parasitol, 114: 231-236.
Vencoa L, Bertazzoloa W, Giordano G, Paltrinieri S. (2014). Evaluation of C-reactive protein as a clinical biomarker in naturally heartworm-infected dogs: A field study, Veterinary Parasitology, 206, 48–54
Voyvoda H, Paşa S, Töz SÖ, et al. (2004). Aydın’ın bazı ilçe ve köyleri ile İzmir’in Selçuk ilçesindeki köpeklerde Leishmaniosis ve Dirofilariasis’in prevalansı. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 28:110