Etno-federalizm Kosova'daki siyasal krizi çözebilir mi?

Sırbistan’ın kabul etmemesi ve başta Rusya ve Çin olmak üzere birçok devletin itiraz ediyor olması nedeniyle 2008’de ilan ettiği bağımsızlığı BM tarafından tanınmayan Kosova, yönetimsel anlamda da ciddi bir krize eklemlenmiştir. Bu krizin kaynağı ise, ülkenin kuzeyinde, Sırbistan sınırına yakın Mitrovica ve çevresinde yaşayan etnik Sırp azınlığın Kosova’yı bir devlet olarak tanımaması ve Kosova kurumlarını kabul etmek istememesidir. Kosova’yı Sırbistan’ın bir parçası olarak gören ve kendi etnik/toplumsal kimliklerini Sırbistan vatandaşlığı üzerinden güvenlikleştiren Kosovalı Sırpların yönetimsel/siyasal statüsünün ne olacağı hususu Kosova Hükümeti’ni ve konuyla yakından ilgili olan tüm tarafarı zorlayan bir husustur. Bu sorunu çözmek için ortaya atılan kavramsal unsurlardan biri de etno-federalizm olmuştur. Kosova’nın bağımsızlığını tanımamalarına rağmen, Kosovalı Sırpların ve Sırbistan’ın kabul edebilecekleri yönünde emareler bulunan etno-federalizm seçeneğine Kosova hükümeti ise soğuk yaklaşmaktadır. Bunun en önemli nedeni ise, Bosna-Hersek özelinde işletilmeye çalışılan bu yönetim anlayışının başarılı olamamış olmasıdır. Çalışma ekseninde Kosova’daki yönetimsel kriz gerçekliği, etno-federalizmin kuramsal öngörüleri bağlamında ele alınacak ve bu seçeneğin Kosova’daki siyasal krizin çözümü hususunda olumlu bir sonuç doğurmayabileceği anlatılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Ould Ethno-federalism solve the political crisis in Kosovo?

Kosovo, whose independence is not recognized by the UN on the grounds that Serbia, Russia, China and numerous states have raised an objection, is faced with a serious administrative crisis. Reason for this crisis is the nonrecognition of the independence and offcial institutions of the Kosovar Republic by the ethnic Serbs, who almost completely live in the northern city of Mitrovica. The question of what will be the administrative/political status of Kosovar Serbs, who conside- red Kosovo as part of Serbia and securitized their ethnic/societal identities over the citizenship of Serbia, is a matter that compels Kosovar government and all the sides who are related to this problem. Ethno-federalism can be seen as one of the theoretical elements that are proposed for solving the problem. Kosovar govern- ment keeps its distance to ethno-federalism; however, Kosovar Serbs and Serbia show signs that they will accept an ethno-federal type of administrative frame. The most important reason for Kosovar government to manifest low regard for ethno-federalism is the failure of this formula in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Reality of the administrative crisis in Kosovo is considered in the context of the theoretical foresights of ethno-federalism in this study. This study also shows that ethno-federalism will not result in an affrmative manner at solving the political crisis in Kosovo.

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