Ulysses CAGASAN, Van Marie Editha CAGASAN

Ön Islatma ve Tohum Büyüklüğünün Kurak Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Yer Fıstığında (Arachis hypogaea L. var. NSIC Pn19) Çimlenme, Kök ve Sürgün Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışma ile kurak koşullarında tohum ıslatma süresi ve yer fıstığı tohum boyutunun yer fıstığı tohumlarının kök ve sürgün özellikleri ile çimlenme performansı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Laboratuvar ve fide üretim şartlarında iki deneme yürütülmüştür. Yer fıstığı tohum büyüklüğü (S1-küçük tohum ve S2-büyük tohum) ana parsel, tohumların suyla muamele edilme süresi (P1-0 saat, P2-5 saat ve P3-10 saat) alt parsel olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneme 2 × 3 Şansa Bağlı Tam Bloklar deneme deseninde bölünmüş parseller düzenlemesine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak tasarlanmıştır. Laboratuvar denemesi için 10 adet küçük ve 10 adet büyük tohum 4 x 4 inçlik plastik kaplara yerleştirilmiş ve saksı denemeleri için ise %10 nem içeriğine sahip kuru toprakla doldurulmuş 25 cm × 25 cm selofan kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, 5 ve10 saat ıslatılan tohumların ıslatılmamış tohumlardan daha erken çıkış yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Büyük tohumlarda çimlenme artırılmış, ayrıca çimlenme indeksinde (tohumlar/gün) ve fide canlılık indeksinde bir artış olmuştur. Benzer şekilde, büyük tohumlar daha kısa sürgün ve bitki boyu oluşturmuş, ancak daha fazla yapraklı sürgünler meydana gelmiştir. Kurak koşullarda daha büyük tohumlar ve 5 ile 10 saat ıslatılan tohumların daha iyi bitki ekim materyali olabileceği tavsiye edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, nemli toprak koşullarında ekim materyali olarak ıslatılmamış küçük tohumların kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Fıstık bitkilerinin taze sürgün ağırlığı (FSW) üzerine tohum büyüklüğü ve ön ıslatma interaksiyon etkisi kaydedilmiş, tohum büyüklüğüne bakılmaksızın ön ıslatma uygulanan yerfıstığı bitkilerinin daha yüksek FSW oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çimlenme, yer fıstığı, ön ıslatma, tohum büyüklüğü, canlılık

Effects of Hydro-priming and Seed Size on the Germination, Root, and Shoot of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. var. NSIC Pn18) Grown under Drought Conditions

This study aimed to assess the effects of hydro-priming duration and peanut seed size on the germination performance and the root and shoot characteristics of peanut seedlings under drought conditions. Two experiments were conducted under the laboratory and nursery. Peanut seed sizes (S1: small seeds and S2: large seeds) designated as the main plots, and duration of priming (P1: 0 hour, P2: 5 hours, and P3: 10 hours) was considered as the subplots. A 2 × 3 split-plot completely randomized design with three replications was used. Ten small and ten large seeds were placed in 4 × 4 inch plastic containers for laboratory experiment and 25 × 25 cm cellophane for pot experiment per treatment filled with dry soil at 10% moisture content. Large seeds soaked at 5–10 hours emerged earlier than the unsoaked seeds in this study. Final germination enhanced in bigger seeds also resulted in an increase in the germination index (seeds day−1) and the seedling vigor index. Likewise, larger seeds produced shorter shoots and plant height but broader shoots with more leaves. It is recommended that bigger seeds can be a good source of planting materials when planted in drought conditions and primed at 5–10 hours. However, unprimed smaller seeds can be used as planting materials in moist soil conditions. The interaction effect was noted on the fresh shoot weight of peanut plants as affected by seed size and hydro-priming. Higher fresh shoot weight of peanut plants when exposed to priming regardless of the seed size was obtained.

Keywords:

Germination, peanut, priming, seed size, vigor,

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