Halil KIRNAK, Veli DEĞİRMENCİ, Cengiz KAYA

Growth and yield parameters of bell peppers with surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems under different irrigation levels

Araştırma, toprak altı ve toprak üstü damla sulama yöntemleriyle farklı düzeylerde sulanan biber bitkisinin (l 1B14) gelişimi, su kullanım randımanı, verim ve kalite özelliklerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. A-sınıfı buharlama kabından yararlanılarak bitkilere dört farklı gelişme döneminde (I, II, III, IV), iki günde bir dört farklı düzeyde (A, B, C, D) sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Su stresi (A konusu) toprak üstü damla sulamada incelenen tüm parametrelerde stressiz konulara göre (C, D ve nispeten B konusu) düşüşlere neden olmuştur. En yüksek verim D konusundan elde edilmiş olup toprak üstü damla sulamada 50.8 ton $ha^{-1}$1, toprak altı damla sulama da ise 55.2 ton $ha^{-1}$ dir. Toprak altı damla sulama sistemiyle sulanan A konusunda su kullanım randımanları, toprak üstü damla sulama sistemiyle sulanan D konusuna göre istatistik! olarak önemli olacak şekilde yüksek bir değere ulaşmıştır. Mevsimlik su kullanımı SDI konusunda 715-1412 mm, SSDI konusunda ise 765-1475 mm arasında değişmiştir. Araştırma sunuşları Harran ovasında kısıntılı sulama koşullarında SSDI sisteminin SDI sistemine göre daha iyi bir seçenek olduğunu göstermiştir. Her iki sulama sisteminde de C ve D konuları arasında önemli verim farklılığı bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar özellikle sınırlı su kaynaklarına sahip yarı-kurak bölgelerde, toprak altı damla sulama sisteminin su stresi altındaki biber bitkisinin gelişimi ve verimi üzerine olan olumsuz etkiyi nispeten azalttığını ortaya koymuştur.

Toprak üstü ve toprak altı damla sulama sistemlerinde farklı sulama düzeylerinin biber bitkisinin gelişim ve verim özelliklerine etkisi

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of surface (SDI) and subsurface (SSDI) methods of drip irrigation on plant growth, water use efficiency (WUE), fruit yield and quality in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) ev. l IB 14. Different irrigation amounts based on Class-A-Pan evaporation were applied to plants during 4 different growing periods at 4 different irrigation levels (A, B, C, D) on every other day. Water stress (treatment, A) using SDI caused reductions in all parameters compared with unstressed treatments (C, D and relatively B). The highest yield was obtained from the treatment D as 50.8 and 55.2 t $ha^{-1}$ for both SDI and SSDI methods, respectively. The SSDI+A treatment had the highest water use efficiencies and was significantly better than the SDI+D treatment. Seasonal water use ranged from 715 to 1412 mm in SDI treatment; and 765 to 1475 mm in SSDI treatments. The research results revealed that SSDI system could be a better choice compared to SDI system under déficit irrigation in Harran plain. However, there was no significant yield changes between C and D irrigation levels under both irrigation systems. These results clearly indicate that subsurface drip irrigation relatively mitigates negative effects of water stress on plant growth and fruit yield in field grown bell pepper particularly in semi-arid regions with limited water resources.

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