Farklı Bitki Yönetimi Altındaki Toprakların Strüktürel Ölçütlerindeki Değişimler

Toprak strüktürü, toprağın üretim potansiyelini belirleyen en önemli fiziksel ortam özelliklerinden biridir. Toprakta strüktürel gelişim birçok iç ve dış faktörün kontrolü altındadır. Farklı bitki yönetim uygulamaları bitkinin agronomik özellikleri, kök sistemi ve toprağa organik madde döngüsü farklılıkları dahilinde toprağın strüktürel durumunu önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Farklı bitki yönetimi altında bulunan toprakların yapısal özelliklerinde meydana gelen değişimlerin değerlendirmesi amacıyla yürütülen bu çalışmada; uzun yıllardan (+10 yıl) beri farklı bitki yetiştiriciliği (ayçiçeği, buğday, fasulye, mısır, patates ve yonca) altında bulunan deneme alanlarından alınan toprak örneklerinde fiziksel, kimyasal ve mekaniksel özellikler incelenerek yetiştirilen bitkilerin, toprağın strüktürel parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular toprağın strüktürel parametrelerinde, yetiştirilen bitki çeşitliliğine bağlı olarak önemli farklılıkların meydana geldiğini göstermektedir. Strüktürel gelişim derecesi ve agregat stabilitesinin yonca ekim alanlarından alınan toprak örneklerinde en yüksek, patates ve mısır ekim alanlarından alınan toprak örneklerinde ise en düşük değerlerde olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Agregat stabilitesi, bitki çeşitliliği

Changes in Structural Parameters of Soils under Different Cropping Systems

Soil structure is one of the most important soil physical characteristics affecting on soil productivity. Structural development of soil is under the control of many inside and outside factors. It is expected that soil structural characteristics change with changes in plant pattern because of differentiations in agronomic properties, root system and amounts of organic matter incorporated into the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in structural behaviors of soils under different crop management systems. Soil samples collected from long-term (+10 years) experimental fields under different crop management systems; sun flower, wheat, bean, corn, potato and alfalfa, were analyzed for physical, chemical and mechanical properties and structural characteristics were evaluated. The results indicated that soil structural characteristics significantly changed depending on plant patterns. Structural conditions and aggregate stability were the highest in soils under alfalfa crops, but the worst in soils under potatoes and corn production.

Keywords:

Aggregate stability, cropping pattern,

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