Olcay Güler, Naci Tüzemen, Mete Yanar, Binali Çomaklı, Mustafa Tan, Ömer Akbulut, Jale Metin, Recep Aydın, Rıdvan Koçyiğit

Esmer ve Siyah Alaca Sağmal İnekler ile Düvelerde İki Farklı Yemleme Programının Karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmanın amaçları, 2 farklı yemleme programının; i) 20 adet Siyah Alaca ve 20 adet Esmer sığırda 144 günlük deneme süresince süt verimi ve kompozisyonu ile duyusal özellikleri üzerine etkilerini 1. denemede değerlendirmek, ii) 18 adet Esmer ve 14 adet Siyah Alaca düvenin 90 gün boyunca gelişme performanslarını 2. denemede karşılaştırmaktır. Birinci denemede, yemleme programları [(i) mısır silajı (25.0 kg/baş/gün) ile sınırlı miktarda kuru ot (5.0 kg/baş/gün) ve 4.5 kg/baş/gün kesif yem (MS yemleme programı); (ii) kuru ot (10,0 kg/baş/gün) ve 4.5 kg/baş/gün kesif yem (KO yemleme programı)] günlük süt verimi ile süt yağı, kuru madde ve yağsız kuru madde oranlarını önemli derecede etkilememiştir. Farklı yemleme programlarının sütün duyusal özellikleri üzerine etkileri önemli olmayıp, silaj içeren rasyonla yapılan yemleme, sütün duyusal özellikleri üzerine herhangi bir olumsuz etkiye neden olmamıştır. İkinci denemede, DMS yemleme programındaki [mısır silajı (10.0 kg/baş/gün) ile sınırlı miktarda kuru ot (2.0 kg/baş/gün) ve 2.0 kg/ baş/gün kesif yem] düveler, DKO programındakilere [kuru ot (6.0 kg/baş/gün) ve 2.0 kg/baş/gün kesif yem] göre % 49.7 oranında daha yüksek toplam canlı ağırlık artışı sağlamışlardır. DMS yemleme programındaki düvelerin ortalama yemden yararlanma oranları önemli ölçüde daha iyi bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, incelenen her iki yemleme programı Esmer ve Siyah Alaca ineklerin günlük süt verimi ile sütün kompozisyonu ve duyusal özellikleri üzerine önemli etkilerde bulunmazken, DMS yemleme programı düveler için tavsiye edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mısır silajı, günlük süt verimi, sütün duyusal özellikleri, canlı ağırlık artışı

Comparison of Two Different Feeding Programs For Brown Swiss And Holstein Friesian Lactating Cows And Heifers

Purposes of the study were; i) to evaluate the effects of 2 different feeding programs on the yield, composition and organoleptic properties of milk from 20 Brown Swiss (BS) and 20 Holstein Friesian (HF) cows during 144 days in the trial 1, ii) to compare the growth performance of the 18 BS and 14 HF heifers during 90 days in the trial 2. In trial 1, feeding schedules [( i) corn silage (25.0 kg/head/day) plus limited amount of dry hay (5.0 kg/head/day) and 4.5 kg/head/day of concentrate (CS feeding program); ii) all dry hay (10.0 kg/head/day) and 4.5 kg/head/day of concentrate (DH feeding program)] did not significantly affect on daily milk yield as well as percentages of fat, dry matter and non-fat dry matter of the milk. The influence of the different feeding programs on the sensorial features of the milk was not significant, and feeding silage based ration did not cause any adverse effect on the organoleptic properties of the milk. In trial 2, heifers in the HCS feeding program [corn silage (10.0 kg/head/day) plus limited amount of dry hay (2.0 kg/head/day) and 2.0 kg/head/day of concentrate] had 49.7 % higher total weight gain than those in HDH feeding program [all dry hay (6.0 kg/head/day) and 2.0 kg/head/day of concentrate]. The average feed efficiency ratio for heifers fed in HCS feeding program was also improved considerably. In conclusion, HCS feeding program could be suggested for HF and BS heifers, although both feeding programs studied did not result in significant influence on the daily milk yield as well as milk composition and sensorial properties of the milk from HF and BS cows.

Keywords:

Corn silage, daily milk yield, organoleptic properties of milk, weight gain,

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