Yükselen ve Gelişen Avrupa Ülkelerinde Bankacılık Sektörü Kârlılığının Belirleyicileri

Bu çalışma bankacılık kârlılığının bankaya özgü (mikro) ve makroekonomikbelirleyicilerini, Yükselen ve Gelişen Avrupa ülkelerinden seçilen 11 ülkede (Arnavutluk, Bulgaristan,Bosna Hersek, Hırvatistan, Kosova, Macaristan, Makedonya, Polonya, Romanya, Sırbistan ve Türkiye)faaliyet gösteren 232 ticari banka adına 2004 –2015 dönemi için incelemiştir. Ekonometrik yöntemolarak sabit etkiler modeli altında panel veri analizinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada bankacılık kârlılığı,aktif kârlılık oranı (ROA) ile ölçülmüştür. Ampirik bulgular; mikro düzeyde likiditenin ve özkaynakrasyosunun artmasının bankacılık kârlılığını arttırdığını, ancak kredi riskinin artmasının ve gideryönetimi etkinliğinin azalmasının ise bankacılık kârlılığını azalttığını ortaya koymuştur. Makro düzeydeise bulgular hem ekonomik büyümedeki hem de enflasyondaki artışın bankacılık kârlılığı üzerindekietkisinin pozitif olduğunu göstermektedir.

Determinants of Banking Sector Profitability in Emerging and Developing Europe Countries

This study investigates the bank-specific (micro) and macroeconomic determinants of banking profitability of 232 commercial banks operating in 11 Emerging and Developing Europe countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo, FYR-Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Turkey) for the period of 2004 – 2015. As for methodology, panel data analysis is employed under fixed effects models, and the banking profitability is measured by return on asset (ROA) ratio. The empirical findings suggest that as for the micro variables, increases in liquidity and equity ratio raise banking profitability, whereas an increase in credit risk and a decline in cost management efficiency decrease the profitability in banking sector. At the macro level, the findings suggest that increases in economic growth and inflation have positive impact on banking profitability.

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