TAŞIMACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ HİPOTEZİNİN GEÇERLİLİĞİ: SEÇİLMİŞ OECD ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz Taşımacılık sektöründe gerçekleşen ekonomik faaliyetler, karbon emisyonundaki artışın önemli sebeplerinden biridir. Özellikle son dönemlerde ülkeler arasında önemli boyutlara ulaşan küreselleşme ve entegrasyon faaliyetlerine bağlı olarak taşımacılık sektöründeki hizmet talebinde gözle görülür bir artış olduğu açıkça ifade edilebilir. Taşımacılık sektöründe arz edilen hizmetlere gösterilen talep artışı çevresel tahribatın önemli sebeplerinden biridir. Bu doğrultuda, yapılan çalışmada 1995-2016 dönemleri için seçilmiş 22 OECD ülkelerindeki taşımacılık sektörü toplam çıktı düzeyi ile bu sektörde ortaya çıkan karbon emisyonu arasındaki ilişki Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezi çerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir. Panel grubu için Augmented Mean Group (AMG) tahmincisi bulguları, seçilmiş OECD ülkelerinde taşımacılık sektöründeki toplam çıktı düzeyi ile çevre kirliliği arasında ters-U şeklinde bir ilişkinin söz konusu olduğunu göstermektedir. Ülke özelinde elde edilen sonuçlar ise ülkeden ülkeye değişmektedir. Ayrıca yapılan analiz ile bu ülkelerde taşımacılık sektöründeki toplam çıktının çevre kirliliği üzerindeki negatif yönlü etkisinin yaklaşık olarak 36.033 milyar dolar düzeyinde ortaya çıkacağı sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bu eşik gelir düzeyine ABD, Japonya, Fransa ve Almanya’nın ulaştığı görülmektedir. Yapılan Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) nedensellik testi sonucunda ise taşımacılık sektöründeki karbon emisyonu ile toplam çıktı miktarı arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu tahmin edilmiştir.

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