Yusuf Serdar DEMİRTAŞ

12973

“DOĞU SORUNU”NDAN “YENİ BÜYÜK OYUN”A

Esas itibarıyla XIV. yüzyılda Türklerin Gelibolu’yaayak basmasıyla başlayan “Doğu Sorunu”, OsmanlıDevleti’nin XVI. yüzyılda Kıbrıs’ı fethiyle birlikte doğu yarı kürediplomasi tarihi yazımında siyasi bir kuram olarak yerinialmıştır. “Doğu Sorunu” kavramı, Küçük KaynarcaAntlaşması’ndan başlayarak iki önemli hususta kazanımlarelde eden Rusya’nın, bu güç sayesinde yalnız OsmanlıDevleti’yle değil Fransa ve İngiltere’yle özellikle OsmanlıDevleti toprakları üzerinden bir çatışmaya girmesi sonucu,zaman içinde günümüze kadar daha da genişleyerek yeni birboyuta kavuşmuştur.Doğu Sorunu, Osmanlı Devleti’nin parçalanması gibibasit bir sorun olmaktan çok, büyük devletlerin parçalanmayıyönetme konusundaki politikalarını belirlemiştir. “Yeni DoğuSorunu” olarak gündeme gelen bu kavram, İngiltere ile Rusyaarasında yaşanan rekabet ile birlikte “Büyük Oyun”adönüşmüş ve Orta Asya “Büyük Oyun”un sahnesi olaraktanımlanmıştır. İngiltere için Hindistan’a giden yolların vebölgedeki sömürgelerin korunması hayati önem taşıyan birpolitika olarak gündemde kalmıştır. Azerbaycan petrolleri deyine bu kapsamda değerlendirilmiş ve Osmanlı Devleti’ndeJön Türklerin Rusya topraklarında yaşayan Türkleri hareketegeçirmeleri, Rusları olduğu kadar İngilizleri de tedirginetmiştir. Azerbaycan’ın Osmanlı Devleti’nden yardım talepetmesi ve Kafkas İslam Ordusunun kurulması da buçerçevede değerlendirilerek her iki ülke tarafından tehditolarak algılanmıştır.XIX. yüzyılda Orta Asya’da gerçekleştirilmek istenen“Büyük Oyun” kuramı da zamanla etki alanını genişleterekXX. yüzyılın sonu itibarıyla “Yeni Büyük Oyun” kuramınaevrilmiştir.

FROM “EASTERN QUESTION” TO “NEW GREAT GAME”

Starting first with the Turks’ setting foot on the Gelibolu Peninsula in the XIVth Century, the concept of “Eastern Question” took its place in the history of politics of the Eastern-hemisphere as of Ottoman State’s invasion of Cyprus in the XVIth Century. The concept of “Eastern Question” evolving remarkably ever since Russia’s, who had obtained considerable gains particularly in two respects at the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca [Kutschuk Kainardji], direct engagement not only with the Ottoman State but with France and Great Britain over the territories of the Ottoman State, has reached a new dimension. “Eastern Question,” rather than being a simple question of the fall of the Ottoman State, dictated the politics on how might the Great Powers manage the decline of the Ottoman State. Taking its place in the agenda as a concept of “New Eastern Question,” it, owing to the rivalry between Great Britain and Russia, developed into a “Great Game” in which Central Asia was determined to be the grounds where it was to be played. It maintained its importance as a crucial aspect of the politics Great Britain pursued in protecting all the routes leading to India, as well as in defending its colonies in the region. Evaluating the Azerbaijani oil fields by the same token, the Young Turks’ encouraging the Turkish peoples living in Russia for action caused apprehensions in Russia as much as it did in Great Britain. Both countries considered Azerbaijan’s asking for help from the Ottoman State and formation of the Caucasian Islamic Army within the same framework a real threat to themselves. Meanwhile, the “Great Game,” intended to be played in Central Asia in the XIXth Century, expanding its limits as to its interest, evolved into “New Great Game” as of the last quarter the XXth Century.
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Askeri Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1303-9342
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yıllık
  • Başlangıç: 1976
  • Yayıncı: MSB Arşiv ve Askerî Tarih Daire Başkanlığı
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“DOĞU SORUNU”NDAN “YENİ BÜYÜK OYUN”A

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