Bitkisel yağların ahşap koruyucu bir madde olarak kullanılabilirliği

Zehirli bileşenlerinden dolayı yaygın olarak kullanılan ahşap koruyucu maddelere karşı artan çevresel baskılar ve yasaklar, çevre dostu emprenye maddelerinin kullanımını ve bu maddelerin geliştirilmesini zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bileşimlerinde herhangi bir zehirli kimyasal madde bulundurmayan bitkisel yağlar, odun hücrelerinde hidrofobik bir tabaka oluşturması ve su alımını azaltması nedeniyle ahşabı koruma amaçlı bir emprenye maddesi olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Ancak, bazı durumlarda odunda mekanik bariyer etkisi oluşturan bitkisel yağ muamelesi, mantar çürüklüğüne, termit saldırılarına ve yanmaya karşı tam anlamıyla bir koruma sağlayamamaktadır. Ayrıca odunda iyi bir etkinlik için ihtiyaç duyulan yüksek miktardaki yağ retensiyonu, işlemi ekonomik kılmamaktadır. Bu durum çeşitli biyositlerin yağlarla birlikte kullanımı ve modifiye edilmiş yağların kullanılması ile bertaraf edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, çevre dostu ve biyolojik yollarla bozunabilen su itici maddelerden biri olan bitkisel yağlar, alternatif bir emprenye maddesi olarak incelenmiş ve yağların kullanımında karşılaşılan sorunlar ile çözüm önerileri tartışılmıştır.

Applicability of vegetable oils as a wood preservative

Conventional heavy duty wood preservatives have been banned or restricted for some applications due to their mammalian toxicity and their adverse effect on the environment. New, eco-friendly, but nevertheless still effective protection systems, is needed to protect wood in outdoors. Non-toxic vegetable oils can form of a protective layer on the surface of the wood cells which decrease water uptake of wood. For that reason, oils have a good potential as being a wood preservative. However, impregnation with vegetable oils is insufficient to impart adequate biological decay and termite resistance, and indeed the treatment may increase wood’s propensity to burn. In addition, a high level of oil absorption required for good protection make the process impractical and uneconomic to use. The efficiency of the treatment can be improved with using the biocides and oils together. Beside this, usage of modified oils can decrease the retention levels in wood. In this study, applicability of vegetable oils being one of the environment-friendly, biodegradable water repellents on wood treatments was reported. Furthermore, problems related to the use of oils for wood protection, and possible solutions for the problems were discussed.

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