Keçilerin Evcilleşme Süreci ve Tenneesse Keçileri

Tarım ve hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde Neolitik Dönem’de meydana gelen evcilleştirme süreci, insanların yaşan konforunda artışa neden olmuştur. Buğday, pirinç gibi bitkiler başta olmak üzere köpek ve keçi, evcilleştirilen anahtar türler olarak yer almaktadır. Keçiler çiftlik hayvanı olarak evcilleştirilen ilk türlerdi. Tarımda kolaylık sağlamak, besin olarak tüketmek için keçiler seçkin hayvanlar olmakla birlikte dinsel ve mitolojik açıdan da insanlar için önemli bir konumda yer almaktaydı. Evcilleştirme sürecinde insanlar hayvanlar ve bitkiler üzerinde istedikleri özellikleri seçmişlerdir. Başlangıçta bilinçli olarak gerçekleştirilmeyen bu eylem Darwin’in Türlerin Kökeni adlı eserinde ilk kez ‘yapay seçilim’ olarak adlandırılmıştır. Yapay seçilim avantaj sağlarken aynı zamanda bazen tür için bazen de ekolojik olarak dezavantajlar doğurmaktadır. Kas gücü yüksek, parazite karşı dirençli uysal Tenneesse keçileri de yapay seçilim sonucu ‘konjenital miyotoni’ adı verilen bayılma hali oluşmuştur. Bu durum bir mutasyon olarak nitelendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yapay Seçilim, Evcilleşme, Tarım, Mutasyon

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