ORMAN EKOSİSTEMLERİNDE KARBON DİNAMİĞİNİN TEMEL BİLEŞENLERİ VE PLANLAMADAKİ YERİ

Orman ekosistemleri atmosferdeki karbon döngüsüne önemli katkı sağlarlar. Karbon orman ekosistemleri içerisinde ve dışarısında farklı havuzlarda tutulmaktadır. Toplam karbon miktarının daha isabetli hesaplanabilmesi için, orman ekosistemleriyle ilgili tüm karbon bileşenlerinin içerikleriyle birlikte belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Karbon, genellikle ormandaki canlı biyokütlede, dikili-devrik odun ya da ölü-diri örtüde, toprakta ve oduna dayalı ürünler ile dolaylı olarak da, odun-ikame maddelerde olmak üzere çok farklı havuzlarda depolanmaktadır. Atmosfere karbon salınımı ise, doğrudan ormandan yapılan üretim-bakım çalışmaları, doğal ölüm ve ayrışma ile dolaylı olarak da üretim, taşımacılık ve işleme sürecinde meydana gelmektedir. Karbon birikimi ile salınımı arasındaki dengenin belirlenmesi ve karbon dinamiğinin uzun vadeli doğru tahmini için karbon havuzlarının tüm bileşenleri ile birlikte belirlenmesi gerekir. Ayrıca, enerji üretim politikaları, ormancılık politikaları, planlama ve yönetim faaliyetlerinin karbon döngüsü ve dolayısıyla iklim değişikliği üzerindeki etkilerinin anlaşılmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu makalede, öncelikle karbon bileşenleri belirlenmiş ve her bir karbon havuzundaki karbonun hesaplanma yöntemi değerlendirilmiştir. Karbon bileşenlerinin hesaplanmasına yönelik genel bir çerçeve çizilmiş ve her bir bileşenin iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede karbon azaltımındaki rolüne de dikkat çekilerek değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, orman ekosistemlerinin sürdürülebilir yönetiminde etkin politika ve stratejilerinin belirlenmesi ve iklim değişikliği ile etkin mücadele için karbon havuzlarının doğru belirlenmesi ve hesaplanması gerektiğine dikkat çekilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Emisyon, karbon bileşenleri, karbon havuzları, orman ekosistemleri, planlama

PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF CARBON DYNAMICS IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AND PLANNING

Forest ecosystems contribute significantly to the carbon cycle in the atmosphere. Carbon is held in different pools inside and outside forest ecosystems. In order to calculate the total carbon amount appropriately, all carbon components related to forest ecosystems should be determined together with their contents. Carbon is stored in many different pools, usually in living biomass in the forest, live or dead trees, soil and harvested wood products, and indirectly in wood-substitutes. Carbon emissions to the atmosphere occur directly in the forest operations conducted in the forest, natural death and decomposition and indirectly in the harvesting, transportation and production processes. Determining the balance between carbon storage and emission as well as the long-term prediction of carbon dynamics requires accurate calculation of carbon pools with all components. In addition, it plays an important role in understanding the effects of energy production policies, forestry policies, planning and management activities on the carbon cycle and therefore climate change. In this article, first of all, carbon components were determined and the calculation method of carbon in each carbon pool was assessed. A general framework was developed for the calculation of carbon components and assessment were conducted by drawing attention to the role of each component in carbon reduction in the fight against climate change. As a result, it was pointed out that carbon pools should be determined and calculated accurately in order to determine effective policies and strategies in the sustainable management of forest ecosystems and to effectively combat climate change.

Keywords:

Emission, carbon components, carbon pools, forest ecosystems, planning,

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