Halûk Perk Müzesi’nden Meryem ve Çocuk İsa Betimli Bir Grup Röliker Haçın İkonografik Bakımdan Değerlendirilmesi

İstanbul’da bulunan Halûk Perk Müzesi, zengin bir ikonografik çeşitliliğe sahip çok sayıdaki röliker haç koleksiyonuyla dikkat çekmektedir. Makalede, bu değerli koleksiyondan seçilmiş Meryem ve çocuk İsa betimli 14 adet röliker haç konu edilmektedir. Bizans sanatının farklı örneklerinde kullanılan Meryem Blakhernitissa, Kyriotissa, Hodegetria, Nikopois ve Episkepis gibi çeşitli Meryem tiplerini, röliker haçlarda da görmek mümkündür. Çalışmada koleksiyonda yer alan röliker haçlar içerisinde beş farklı Meryem tipi tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar arasındaki en yoğun grup 7 örnekle Meryem Blakhernitissa betimli olanlardır. Röliker haçlar içinde Meryem Episkepsis olarak tanımlanan ender bir örnek ile yine Kyriotissa olup olmadığı tartışılan bir örnek daha bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada, Bizans sanatının farklı türdeki eserlerinde karşımıza çıkmayan ancak röliker haçlar üzerinde görülen farklı Meryem tiplerinin varlığına da dikkat çekilmiştir. Makalenin katalog kısmında ayrıntılı sunulan 14 adet röliker haçtan, kazıma teknikli 13 adeti analojik ve ikonografik değerlendirmelerle 11. yüzyıla; kabartma teknikli tek bir örnekte ise 11-12. yüzyıla tarihlendirilmiştir. Koleksiyondaki röliker haçlar Bizans sanatındaki Meryem tipleri hakkında ikonografi uzmanlarının yaptıkları farklı görüş ve yorumlar eşliğinde karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Halûk Perk Müzesi, Haç, Röliker Haç, Theotokos, İkonografi, Bizans

The Iconographic Evaluation of A Group of Reliquary Crosses Depicting The Virgin and Christ-Child from The Halûk Perk Museum

The Halûk Perk Museum in Istanbul is notable for its large collection of reliquary crosses with a rich iconographic diversity. This article focuses on 14 reliquary crosses depicting the Virgin with Christ-child, selected from this valuable collection. It is possible to see various types of the Virgin, such as Blachernitissa, Kyriotissa, Hodegetria, Nikopoios and Episkepsis, which are used in different examples of Byzantine art, on the reliquary crosses. In our study, five different iconographic types of the Virgin were identified among the reliquary crosses in the collection. The densest group among these are those depicting the Virgin Blachernitissa with 7 examples. Among the reliquary crosses, there is a rare example that we have identified as the Virgin Episkepsis and another example that we are discussing whether it is Kyriotissa or not. In addition, in the study, was drawn attention to the presence of different iconographic types of the types of Virgin on the reliquary crosses, which are not seen in different types of works of Byzantine art, but can be seen on reliquary crosses. 14 reliquary crosses, which are presented in detail in the catalog, 13 of them with engraving technique, date back to the 11th centurywith analogical and iconographic evaluations; In a single example with relief technique, it belongs to the 11th-12th century. The reliquary crosses in the collection were comparatively analysed and evaluated in the light of the different views and interpretations of iconographers on the types of the Virgin in Byzantine art.

Keywords:

Halûk Perk Museum, Cross, Reliquary Cross, Theotokos, Iconography, Byzantine,

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