Tip 2 Diyabetik Hastalarda Egzersizin Glikoz Metabolizmasına Etkisi

Diyabetes mellitus hastalık sürecinde gelişen komplikasyonlara bağlı engellilik ve ölüm nedenlerinin başında gelmektedir. Etkili ilaç tedavilerine ve ileri klinik tanı yöntemlerine rağmen, tip 2 diyabetes Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi . Archives Medical Review Journal 2015; 24(3):306-316 Koca ve Talu 307 mellitus ve insülin direnci sıklığı son yıllarda artmıştır. Son yıllardaki epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda fiziksel olarak aktif yaşam sürdüren bireylerde daha az bozulmuş glikoz toleransı ve diyabetes mellitus geliştiği vurgulanmaktadır. Diyabetes mellitus gelişimi için yüksek risk taşıyan bireylerde fiziksel aktivitenin koruyucu etkisine ek olarak; diyabet tanısı almış hastalarda fiziksel aktivite açlık glukozu, insulin duyarlılığı ve kan glukoz düzeylerini olumlu etkilemektedir. Egzersizin asıl etki mekanizması ise insulinin periferik dokularda (özellikle iskelet kası) duyarlılığını artırmaktır. Egzersiz eğitimi ile glikoz metabolizmasında belirgin iyileşmeler pek çok çalışmada gözlenmiştir. Egzersiz eğitimi ile insülin duyarlılığındaki iyileşmeler özellikle yüksek yoğunlukta aerobik egzersizlerde gözlenmiştir. Ek olarak hastaların kombine tip egzersizlere uyumu ise yüksek bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte dünya üzerinde pek çok çalışmada bu eğitici programların standardizasyonu eksik ve günlük hayattakipratik uygulama yetersizdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Açlık kan şekeri, aerobik egzersiz, diyabetes mellitus, insulin direnci

The Effect of Exercise on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of disability and death due to the complications accompanying this disease. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance has increased worldwide during the last decades, despite the development of effective drug therapy and improved clinical diagnoses. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that individuals who maintain a physically active lifestyle are much less likely to develop impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Additional to protective effect of physical activity for individuals at highest risk of developing diabetes mellitus, physical activity has positice impacts on fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose level for patients overt diabetes. The essential mechanism of exercises is enhancing sensitivity of insulin on pheripheral tissues (especially skeletal muscle). With exercise training significant improvements in glucose metabolism is observed in many of these studies. Especially, the improvements in insulin sensitivity with exercise training observed better in high magnitude of aerobic exercises. Also adaptation of patients is very high to combined type exercises. However worldwide standardization of these training programmes in many of the studies is lacking and current practice in daily life is unsatisfactory.

Keywords:

Fasting blood glucose, aerobic exercise, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance,

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