Ortodontide Dental ve İskeletsel Açık Kapanış AnomalisininTedavisinde Uygulanan Yöntemler: Literatür Derlemesi

Açık kapanış, ortodontik tedavi ihtiyacı olan bireylerde oldukça yaygın görülen bir maloklüzyon olup tedavi edilmesi gereken bir problemdir. Bu problem iskeletsel ve dentoalveolar kaynaklı olmak üzere iki tipe ayrılır. İskeletsel yapıda bir problem olmadığında anterior dişlerin yetersiz sürmesi, posterior dişlerin normalden fazla sürmesi veya bu ikisinin kombinasyonu şeklinde görüldüğünde dentoalveolar kaynaklıdır. İskeletsel olarak ise mandibular ve maksiller alveol kemiklerinin anterior gelişiminin yetersiz olması, posterior bölge gelişiminin normalden fazla olması veya bunların kombinasyonu nedeni ile meydana gelebilir. Bu problemin oluşumunda ağız solunumu, parmak emme gibi kötü alışkanlıklar veya yüzün vertikal boyut artışının normalden fazla olması şeklinde birçok etiyolojik faktör etkilidir. Erken dönemde teşhis edildiğinde müdahale edilmesi gereken bu problemin çözümü yaşın artması ile daha karmaşık hale gelmektedir. Bu nedenle erken dönemde etiyolojisi belirlenerek müdahale edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu problemin tedavisinde erken dönemde çeşitli hareketli ve sabit ortodontik apareyler kullanılırken erişkin dönemde rastlanan vakalarda ortognatik cerrahi işlemler gibi birçok tedavi metodu mevcuttur. Bu derlemenin amacı dental veya iskeletsel açık kapanışa sahip hastalarda, problemin kaynağına bağlı olarak kullanılan mekanikleri, literatürdeki çalışmalar rehberliğinde sunmaktır.

Methods for Treating Dental and Skeletal Open Bite Anomaly in Orthodontics: A Literature Review

Open bite is a very common malocclusion in individuals who need orthodontic treatment and is a problem that shouldbe treated. This problem is divided into two types, skeletal and dentoalveolar origin. When there is no problem in theskeletal structure, insufficient eruption of the anterior teeth, excessive elongation of the posterior teeth or acombination of the two are dentoalveolar origin. Skeletal open-bite malocclusion may occur as a result of insufficientanterior development of the mandibular and maxillary alveolar bones, greater than normal development of theposterior region, or a combination of these. Many etiological factors such as bad habits such as mouth breathing,thumb sucking or the vertical dimension increase of the face are effective in the formation of this problem.Thetreatment of open bite (this anomaly) becomes a more complex problem with increasing age. Therefore, the etiologyshould be determined and treated in the early period. In the treatment of this problem, various mobile and fixedorthodontic appliances are used in the early period, while there are many treatment methods such as orthognathicsurgical procedures in adult cases. The aim of this review is to present the mechanics used in dental or skeletal openclosure patients depending on the pattern of the problem, with the guidance of the literature.

PDF

___

1. Rijpstra C, Lisson JA. Etiology of anterior open bite: a review. J Orofac Orthop. 2016;77:281-286.
2. Mizrahi E. A review of anterior open bite. British journal of orthodontics. 1978;5:21-27.
3. Straub WJ. Malfunction of the tongue: Part I. The abnormal swallowing habit: Its cause, effects, and results in relation to orthodontic treatment and speech therapy. Am J Orthod. 1960;46:404-424.
4. Straub WJ. Malfunction of the tongue: Part II. The abnormal swallowing habit: Its causes, effects, and results in relation to orthodontic treatment and speech therapy. Am J Orthod. 1961;47:596-617.
5. Straub WJ. Malfunction of the tongue Part III. Am J Orthod. 1962;48:486-503.
6. Linder-Aronson S. Adenoids. Their effect on mode of breathing and nasal airflow and their relationship to characteristics of the facial skeleton and the denition. A biometric, rhino-manometric and cephalometro-radiographic study on children with and without adenoids. Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum. 1970;265:1.
7. Shetty YR, Keshan A, Hegde AM, R M, Shetty A. Skeletal open-bite treatment with zygomatic anchorage for a child with mental retardation: A new modality. Spec Care Dentist. 2017;37:299-303.
8. Nanda RS. Characteristics of the long face sydrome. In: McNamara JA, Je,ed. The enigma of the vertical dimension. Ann Arbor: Monograph 36, Craniofacial Growth Series, Center for Human Growth and Development. The University of Michigan. 2000.
9. Subtelny JD, Sakuda M. Open-bite: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Orthod. 1964;50:337-358.
10. Worms FW, Meskin LH, Isaacson RJ. Open-bite. Am J Orthod. 1971;59:589-595.
11. Başçiftçi F, Demir A, Sarı Z, Uysal T. Konya yöresi okul çocuklarında ortodontik maloklüzyonların prevelansının araştırılması: Epidemiyolojik çalışma. Turkish Journal of Orthodontics. 2002;15:92-98.
12. Ülgen M. Ortodonti: Anomaliler, Sefalometri, Etiloji, Büyüme ve Gelişim, Tanı. Dicle Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Yayınları. 2018.
13. Ülgen M. Ortodontik Tedavi Prensipleri. Dicle Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Yayınları. 2018.
14. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson B, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2018.
15. Freitas K, Cançado R. Etiology of open-bite malocclusion. In: Janson G, Valarelli F, editors. Open-Bite Malocclusion: Treatment and Stability Rosewood Drive, Danvers, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2014;1-18.
16. Graber TM, Rakosi T, Petrovic AG. Dentofacial Orthopedics with Functional Applications. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company. 1997.
17. Sankey WL, Buschang PH, English J, Owen AH. Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:317-327.
18. Haryett R, Hansen F, Davidson P, Sandilands ML. Chronic thumb-sucking: the psychologic effects and the relative effectiveness of various methods of treatment. Am J Orthod. 1967;53:569-585.
19. Bowden B. A longitudinal study of the effects of digit-and dummy-sucking. Am J Orthod. 1966;52:887-901.
20. Moore M. Belle Maudsley Lecture. Digits, dummies and malocclusions. Dental update. 1996;23:415-422.
21. Proffit W. Arckerman JL, Bailey LJ, Tulloch CJF. Contemporary orthodontics, 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby: Inc. 2000:418-421.
22. Villa NL, Cisneros GJ. Changes in the dentition secondary to palatal crib therapy in digit-suckers: a preliminary study. Pediatr Dent. 1996;19:323-326.
23. Erverdi N, Usumez S, Solak A, Koldas T. Noncompliance open-bite treatment with zygomatic anchorage. The Angle orthodontist. 2007;77:986-990.
24. English JD, Olfert KD. Masticatory muscle exercise as an adjunctive treatment for open bite malocclusions Seminars in Orthodontics: Elsevier. 2005;164-169.
25. SR. A. Open - bite malocclusion. Am J Orthod. 1966;52:877-886.
26. Isaacson JR, ISAACSON RJ, SPEIDEL TM, WORMS FW. Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations. The Angle Orthodontist. 1971;41:219-229.
27. Baumrind S KE, Isaacson RJ. Quantitative analysis of orthodontic and orthopedic effects of maxillary traction. Am J Orthod..1983;84:384-398.
28. Elder JR, Tuenge RH. Cephalometric and histologic changes produced by extraoral high-pull traction to the maxilla in Macaca mulatta. Am J Orthod. 1974;66:599-617.
29. Cozza P, Marino A, Franchi L. A nonsurgical approach to treatment of high-angle Class II malocclusion. The Angle orthodontist. 2008;78:553-560.
30. Torres F, Almeida RR, de Almeida MR, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Pedrin F, Henriques JF. Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chin cup therapy. A prospective randomized study. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:610-617.
31. L S. Farklı Kapanış Yüksekliğinde Hazırlanmış Arka Isırma Bloklarının Çene Yüz İskelet ve Dentoalveoler Yapılar Üzerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi Ortodonti Ana Bilim Dalı: Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. 1994.
32. Işcan HN, Akkaya S, Koralp E. The effects of the spring-loaded posterior bite-block on the maxillo-facial morphology. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 1992;14:54-60.
33. Iscan HN, Sarisoy L. Comparison of the effects of passive posterior bite-blocks with different construction bites on the craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures. Am J Orthod and dentofacial orthopedics. 1997;112:171-178.
34. Kiliaridis S, Egermark I, Thilander B. Anterior open bite treatment with magnets. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 1990;12:447-457.
35. Hakami Z. Molar intrusion techniques in orthodontics: A review. Journal of International Oral Health. 2016;8:302.
36. Albogha MH, Takahashi I, Sawan MN. Early treatment of anterior open bite: Comparison of the vertical and horizontal morphological changes induced by magnetic bite-blocks and adjusted rapid molar intruders. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:38-46.
37. Janson G, Valarelli F. Open-bite treatment in the deciduous and mixed dentition. In: Janson G, Valarelli F, editors. Open-Bite Malocclusion Treatment and Stability: Wiley Blackwell. 2014;23-126.
38. Janson G, Valarelli F. Open-bite treatment in the permanent dentition. In: Janson G, Valarelli F, editors. Open-Bite Malocclusion Treatment and Stability: Wiley Blackwell. 2014;129-349.
39. Wahl N. Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 9: functional appliances to midcentury. Am J Orthod and dentofacial orthopedics. 2006;129:829-833.
40. Graber T. JCO/interviews TM Graber. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 1970;4:500.
41. İşcan HN, Dinçer M, Gültan A, Meral O, Taner-Sarisoy L. Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients. Am J Orthod and dentofacial orthopedics. 2002;122:506-511.
42. Rossato PH, Fernandes TMF, Urnau FDA, de Castro AC, Conti F, de Almeida RR et al. Dentoalveolar effects produced by different appliances on early treatment of anterior open bite: A randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:684-691.
43. Carano A, Machata WC. A rapid molar intruder for'non-compliance'treatment. J Clin Orthod. 2002;36:137.
44. Çinsar A, Alagha AR, Akyalçın S. Skeletal open bite correction with rapid molar intruder appliance in growing individuals. The Angle orthodontist. 2007;77:632-639.
45. Carano A, Siciliani G, Bowman SJ. Treatment of skeletal open bite with a device for rapid molar intrusion: a preliminary report. The Angle Orthodontist. 2005;75:736-746.
46. Carano A, Machata W, Siciliani G. Noncompliant treatment of skeletal open bite. Am J Orthod and dentofacial orthopedics. 2005;128:781-786.
47. Rinchuse DJ. Vertical elastics for correction of anterior open bite. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 1994;28:284.
48. Kim YH. Anterior openbite and its treatment with multiloop edgewise archwire. The angle orthodontist. 1987;57:290-321.
49. Chang YI, Moon SC. Cephalometric evaluation of the anterior open bite treatment. Am J Orthod and dentofacial orthopedics. 1999;115:29-38.
50. Enacar A, Ugur T, Toroglu S. A method for correction of open bite. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 1996;30:43-48.
51. Küçükkeles N, Acar A, Demirkaya AA, Evrenol B, Enacar A. Cephalometric evaluation of open bite treatment with NiTi arch wires and anterior elastics. Am J Orthod and dentofacial orthopedics. 1999;116:555-562.
52. DeBerardinis M, Stretesky T, Sinha P, Nanda RS. Evaluation of the vertical holding appliance in treatment of high-angle patients. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2000;117:700-705.
53. Isaacson RJ, Lindauer SJ. Closing anterior open bites: the extrusion arch Seminars in Orthodontics: Elsevier. 2001:34-41.
54. Vela-Hernández A, López-García R, García-Sanz V, Paredes-Gallardo V, Lasagabaster-Latorre F. Nonsurgical treatment of skeletal anterior open bite in adult patients: Posterior build-ups. The Angle Orthodontist. 2017;87:33-40.
55. Chung K-R, Cho J-H, Kim S-H, Kook Y-A, Cozzani M. Unusual extraction treatment in Class II division 1 using C-orthodontic mini-implants. The Angle Orthodontist. 2007;77:155-166.
56. Alsafadi AS, Alabdullah MM, Saltaji H, Abdo A, Youssef M. Effect of molar intrusion with temporary anchorage devices in patients with anterior open bite: a systematic review. Progress in orthodontics. 2016;17:9.
57. Roberts WE, Smith RK, Zilberman Y, Mozsary PG, Smith RS. Osseous adaptation to continuous loading of rigid endosseous implants. Am J Orthod. 1984;86:95-111.
58. Shapiro P, Kokich V. Uses of implants in orthodontics. Dental Clinics of North America. 1988;32:539-550.
59. Sung HY, Kyunk HM, Seong MB, Park HS, Kwon OW, Jr MJ. Microimplants in Orthodontics. South Korea: South Korea: Dentos Inc. 2006.
60. Kanomi R. Mini-implant for orthodontic anchorage. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 1997;31:763.
61. Sugawara J. Dr. Junji Sugawara on the skeletal anchorage system. Interview by Dr. Larry W. White. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 1999;33:689.
62. Liou EJ, Pai BC, Lin JC. Do miniscrews remain stationary under orthodontic forces? Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2004;126:42-47.
63. Cheng S-J, Tseng I-Y, Lee J-J, Kok S-H. A prospective study of the risk factors associated with failure of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2004;19.
64. González Espinosa D, de Oliveira Moreira PE, da Sousa AS, Flores-Mir C, Normando D. Stability of anterior open bite treatment with molar intrusion using skeletal anchorage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Orthod. 2020;21:35.
65. Alraawi̇ M , Tatlı U , Toroğlu M . Ortodontik Tedavide İskeletsel Ankraj Amaçlı Olarak Kullanılan Mini Vidalar: Literatür Derlemesi. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2020;29: 116-121.
66. Umemori M, Sugawara J, Mitani H, Nagasaka H, Kawamura H. Skeletal anchorage system for open-bite correction. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1999;115:166-174.
67. Park H-S, Jang B-K, Kyung H-M. Maxillary molar intrusion with micro-implant anchorage (MIA). Australian orthodontic journal. 2005;21:129.
68. Sherwood KH, Burch JG, Thompson WJ. Closing anterior open bites by intruding molars with titanium miniplate anchorage. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2002;122:593-600.
69. Beycan K, Erverdi N. Anterior open-bite treatment by means of zygomatic miniplates: a case report. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 2017;51:52.
70. Ari-Demirkaya A, Al Masry M, Erverdi N. Apical root resorption of maxillary first molars after intrusion with zygomatic skeletal anchorage. The Angle Orthodontist. 2005;75:761-767.
71. Seres L, Kocsis A. Closure of severe skeletal anterior open bite with zygomatic anchorage. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2009;20:478-482.
72. Akan B, Ünal BK, Şahan AO, Kızıltekin R. Evaluation of anterior open bite correction in patients treated with maxillary posterior segment intrusion using zygomatic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020.
73. Lee S-A, Chang CCH, Roberts WE. Severe unilateral scissors-bite with a constricted mandibular arch: Bite turbos and extra-alveolar bone screws in the infrazygomatic crests and mandibular buccal shelf. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2018;154:554-569.
74. Sant’ana E, Janson M, Bombonatti R. Orthodontic-surgical treatment of anterior open bite. In: Janson G, Valarelli F, editors. Open-Bite Malocclusion: Treatment and Stability Rosewood Drive, Danvers, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. 2014;403-436.
75. Georgalis K, Woods MG. A study of Class III treatment: orthodontic camouflage vs orthognathic surgery. Australian Orthodontic Journal. 2015;31:138.
76. Kaya B, Arman A. Açık Kapanış Maloklüzyonların Tedavisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006:53- 62.
77. Proffit WR, Turvey TA, Phillips C. The hierarchy of stability and predictability in orthognathic surgery with rigid fixation: an update and extension. Head & Face Medicine. 2007;3:21.
78. Epker BN, Fish LC. The surgical-orthodontic correction of Class III skeletal open-bite. Am J Orthod. 1978;73:601-618.
79. Proffit W, Fields H. Contemporary orthodontics. 3rd edn. St Louis: Mosby. Inc. 2000.
80. Espeland L, Dowling PA, Mobarak KA, Stenvik A. Three-year stability of open-bite correction by 1-piece maxillary osteotomy. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2008;134:60-66.
81. Fish L, Epker B. Prevention of relapse in surgical-orthodontic treatment. Part 2: Maxillary superior repositioning. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 1987;21:33-47.
82. Coban G, Yavuz I, Karadas B, Demirbas AE. Three-dimensional assessment of nasal changes after maxillary advancement with impaction using stereophotogrammetry. Korean J Orthod. 2020;50:249-257.
83. Miyawaki S, Oya S, Noguchi H, Takano-Yamamoto T. Long-term changes in dentoskeletal pattern in a case with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome following tongue reduction and orthodontic treatment. The Angle Orthodontist. 2000;70:326-331.
84. Bernard CL, Simard-Savoie S. Self-correction of Anterior Openbite After Glossectomy: In a young Rhesus Monkey. The Angle Orthodontist. 1987;57:137-143.
85. Kim YK. Complications associated with orthognathic surgery. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;43:3-15.
86. Harris K, Ojima K, Dan C, Upadhyay M, Alshehri A, Kuo C-L et al. Evaluation of open bite closure using clear aligners: a retrospective study. Progress in Orthodontics. 2020;21:1-9.
87. Schupp W, Haubrich J, Neumann I. Treatment of anterior open bite with the Invisalign system. J Clin Orthod. 2010;44:501- 507.
88. Dayan W, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Janson G. Open-bite treatment with aligners and selective posterior intrusion. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 2019;53:53.