Diş Mobilitesi ve İmplant Stabilitesi için Kullanılan Ölçüm Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi

Doğal dişlerde mobilite ve implantlarda primer stabilite, birbirine benzer yöntemler ile değerlendirilen parametrelerdir.Doğal dişlerin mobilitesi günümüze kadar birçok araştırmacı tarafından farklı şekillerde sınıflandırılmıştır. Teknolojiningelişmesi ile bu skalalar güvenilirliklerini korumakla beraber Periotest gibi dijital ölçüm cihazları da alanda kendilerineyer edinmişlerdir. İmplant stablitesi değerlendirilmesinede, doğal dişlere benzer olarak, geleneksel skalalarkla beraberperiotest veya radyofrekans analizi (RFA) gibi birçok teknolojik yöntemle implant stabilitesi objektif olarakdeğerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu literatür derlemesinde implantların ve dişlerin stabilite ve mobilite değerlerini ölçenteknikleri incelemek ve güvenilirliklerini karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Evaluatıon of Measurement Methods used for Tooth Mobılıty and Implant Stabılıty

Mobility in natural teeth and primer stability in implants are parameters evaluated by similar methods. Until today, mobility of natural teeth has been classified in different ways by many researchers. With the development of technology, these scales maintain their reliability but digital measurement devices such as Periotest have taken their place in the field. Similar to natural teeth, implant stability can be assessed objectively using a number of technological methods, such as periotest or radiofrequency analysis (RFA) along with conventional scales, in assessing implant stability. This literature review aims to examine the techniques for measuring the stability and mobility of implants and teeth and to compare their reliability.

___

  • 1. Javed F, Romanos GE. The role of primary stability for successful immediate loading of dental implants. A literature review. Journal of Dentistry. 2010;38:612-20.
  • 2. Herrmann I, Lekholm U, Holm S, Kultje C, Evaluation of patient and implant characteristics as potensial prognostic factors for oral implant failures, International Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Implants. 2005;20:220-30.
  • 3. Romanos GE. Bone quality and the immediate loading of implants-critical aspects based on literature, research, and clinical experience. Implant Dentistry. 2009;18:203–9.
  • 4. Romanos GE, Testori T, Degidi M, Piattelli A. Histologic and histomorphometric findings from retrieved, immediately occlusally loaded implants in humans. Journal of Periodontology. 2005;76:1823–32.
  • 5. Lekholm U, Zarb G, Patient selection and preparation In Branemark PI, editor, Tissue integrated prostheses: osseointegration in clinical dentistry, Chicago, Quintissence. 1985;199-209.
  • 6. Trisi, P. & Rao, W. Bone classification: clinicalhistomorphometric comparison. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 1999;10:1–7.
  • 7. Misch, C.E. (2008) Part 1. Rationale for implants, 3. Diagnostic imaging and techniques. In: Misch, C.B., ed. Contemporary Implant Dentistry, St. Louis: Mosby Year Book. 2008;38-67.
  • 8. Salimov F, Tatli U, Kürkçü M, Akoǧlan M, Öztunç H, Kurtoǧlu C. Evaluation of relationship between preoperative bone density values derived from cone beam computed tomography and implant stability parameters: A clinical study. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2014;25:1016-21.
  • 9. Mühlemann H.R, Tooth Mobility, The measuring method, Initial and secondary mobility, Journal of Periodontology 1954;25:22-9.
  • 10. Miller SC. Textbook of Periodontia. 3rd ed. Blakiston Co. Philadelphia. 1950;101.
  • 11. Lindhe J, Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 4th Ed., Blackwell Munksgaard, Oxford (Malden). 2003;352-65.
  • 12. Carranza FA, Clinical Periodontology. 9th. Ed., Newman MG:. WB Saunders, Philedelphia, 2002;438-9.
  • 13. Svanberg G. Influence of trauma from occlusion on the periodontium of dogs with normal or inflamed gingivae. Odontologisk Revy. 1974;25:165-78.
  • 14. Svanberg G, Lindhe J. Experimental tooth hypermobility in the dog: a methodological study. Odontologisk Revy. 1974; 24:269- 82.
  • 15. Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Lack of effect of trauma from occlusion on the recurrence of experimental periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1977;4:115.
  • 16. Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Lack of significance of increased tooth mobility in experimental periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology 1984;55:447-52.
  • 17. Neiderud A.M., Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Probing pocket depth at mobile-non mobile teeth. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1992;19:754-9.
  • 18. Biancu S, Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Periodontal ligament tissue reactions to trauma and gingival inflammation. An experimental study in the beagle dog. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1995;22:772-9.
  • 19. Polson A, Meitner S, Zander H. Trauma and progression of marginal periodontitis in squirrel monkeys (III). Adaptation of interproximal alveolar bone to repetetive injury. Journal of Periodontal Research. 1976;11:279-89.
  • 20. Pattison AM, Pattison GL. Periodontal instrumentation. 2nd. Ed. Appleton & Lange. Norwalk, CT. 1992.
  • 21. Nield-gehrig JS, houseman GA. fundamentals of periodontal instrumentation.3rd ed. william & wilkins. Baltimore. 1996.
  • 22. Shulte W, Lucas D. The periotest method. Int Dent J. 1992;42:433-40.
  • 23. Lucas D, Schulte W. Periotest - a dynamic procedure for the diagnosis of the human periodontium. Clin Phys Physiol Means 1990;11:65-75.
  • 24. Mesa, F., Munoz, R., Noguerol, B., de Dios Luna, J., Galindo, P. & O’Valle, F. Multivariate study of factors influencing primary dental implant stability. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2008;19:196-200.
  • 25. Esposito, M., Hirsch, J.M., Lekholm, U. & Thomsen, P. Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants. (II). Etiopathogenesis. European Journal of Oral Sciences. 1998;106:721–64.
  • 26. Bilhan H.Arot S,Geckili O:How Precise Is Dental Volumetric Tomography in the Prediction of Bone Density, Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Jornal of Dentistry Volume 2012,Article ID 348908, 8 pages).
  • 27. Sullivan, D. Y., Sherwood, R. L., Collins, T. A. & Krogh, P. H. The reverse-torque test: a clinical report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 1996;11:179-185.
  • 28. Gapski R,Wang H-L,Mascarenhas P, Lang NP. Critical review of immediate implant loading. Clin.Oral Impl. Res. 2003;14:515- 27.
  • 29. Romanos, G. E. Surgical and prosthetic concepts for predictable immediate loading of oral implants. Journal of the California Dental Association. 2004;32:991-1001.
  • 30. Javed F, Romanos GE. Impact of diabetes mellitus and glycemic control on the osseointegration of dental implants: A systematic literature review. Journal of Periodontology. 2009;80:1719–30.
  • 31. Javed F, Almas K. Osseointegration of dental implants in patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment. A literature review. Journal of Periodontology. 2010;81:479–84.
  • 32. Meredith, N. Assessment of implant stability as a prognostic determinant. International Journal of Prosthodontics. 1998;11:491-501.
  • 33. Truhlar, R. S., Orenstein, I. H., Morris, H. F. & Ochi, S. Distribution of bone quality in patients receiving endosseous dental implants. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1997;55:38-45.
  • 34. Sennerby, L., Thomsen, P. & Ericson, L. E. A morphometric and biomechanic comparison of titanium implants inserted in rabbit cortical and cancellous bone. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 1992;7:62-71.
  • 35. Da Cunha, H. A., Francischone, C. E., Filho, H. N. & de Oliveira, R. C. A comparison between cutting torque and resonance frequency in the assessment of primary stability and final torque capacity of standard and TiUnite single-tooth implants under immediate loading. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2004;19(4).
  • 36. Abuhussein, H., Pagni, G., Rebaudi, A. & Wang, H. L. The effect of thread pattern upon implant osseointegration. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2010;21:129-136.
  • 37. Johansson, C. & Albrektsson, T. Integration of screw implants in the rabbit: a 1-year follow-up of removal torque of titanium implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 1987;2:69-75.
  • 38. Tepret F,Sertgöz A,Basa S. Immediately loaded anterior single-tooth implants:Two cases.Implant Dent. 2005;14:242-7.
  • 39. Engquist B, Bergendal T,Kallus T, et al. Aretrospektive multicenter evaluation of osseointegrated implants supporting overdentures. Int j Oral Maxillofac Implants 1988; 3; 129-134.} { Mish CE Dental implant Protezler, ED:kutay Ö, İstanbul, Nobel, 2009; 1.
  • 40. Misch Carl E.Contemporary Implant Dentistry,Mosby Inc,Saint Louis,Missouri,1999,2nd Edition,Chapter 6,7,8.
  • 41. Balleri, P., Cozzolino, A., Ghelli, L., Momicchioli, G. & Varriale, A. Stability measurements of osseointegrated implants using Osstell in partially edentulous jaws after 1 year of loading: a pilot study. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Resear. 2002.
  • 42. Bischof, M., Nedir, R., Szmukler-Moncler, S., Bernard, J. P. & Samson, J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2004;15:529-39.
  • 43. Chong, L., Khocht, A., Suzuki, J. B. & Gaughan, J. Effect of implant design on initial stability of tapered implants. Journal of Oral Implantology. 2009;35:130-5.
  • 44. Hansson, S. The implant neck: smooth or provided with retention elements. A biomechanical approach. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 1999;10:394-405.
  • 45. Borsari, V., Giavaresi, G., Fini, M., Torricelli, P., Salito, A., Chiesa, R., Chiusoli, L., Volpert, A., Rimondini, L. and Giardino, R.. Physical characterization of different‐roughness titanium surfaces, with and without hydroxyapatite coating, and their effect on human osteoblast‐like cells. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials. 2005:75:359-68.
  • 46. Mustafa, K., Wroblewski, J., Hultenby, K., Lopez, B. S. & Arvidson, K. Effects of titanium surfaces blasted with TiO2 particles on the initial attachment of cells derived from human mandibular bone. A scanning electron microscopic and histomorphome. 2000.
  • 47. Reiger MR,Adams WK, Kinzel GL ve ark. Finite element analysis of bone-adapted and bone-bonded endosseous implants,J Prosthet Dent. 1989;62:436-40.
  • 48. Lum LB:A biomechanical rationale for the use of short implants,J Oral Implantol. 1991;17:126-31.
  • 49. Morris, H. E., Ochi, S., Crum, P., Orenstein, I. & Plezia, R. Bone density: its influence on implant stability after uncovering. Journal of Oral Implantology. 2003;29:263-9.
  • 50. Van Scotter DE, Wilson CJ. The Periotest method for determining implant success. J Oral Implantol. 1991;17:410-3. 21. Adell R, Eriksson.
  • 51. Medizintechnik Gulden - Manufacturer of the Periotest. http://www.med-gulden.com/periotest.php. 52. Chavez H, Ortman LF, DeFranco RL, Medige J. Assessment of oral implant mobility. J Prosthet Dent. 1993;70:421-6.
  • 53. Engelke W, Stahr S, Schwarzwäller W. Enhancement of primary stability of dental implants using cortical satellite implants. Implant Dent. 2002;11:52-7.
  • 54. Teerlinck J, Quirynen M, Darius P, van Steenberghe D. Periotest: an Objective Clinical Diagnosis of Bone Apposition Toward Implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6:110-22.
  • 55. Olivé J, Aparicio C. The Periotest Method as a Mea- Dental implantlarda stabilite 85 7tepeklinik sure of Osseointegrated Oral Implant Stability. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5:88-105.
  • 56. Meredith N, Friberg B, Sennerby L, Aparicio C. Relationship between contact time measurements and PTV values when using the Periotest to measure implant stability. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11:269-75.
  • 57. med-gulden. Erişim tarihi: 5 Mayıs 2018. Available from: http://www.medgulden.com/downloads/02_english/01_Productinformation/Periotest_procedure.pdf.
  • 58. Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the implant-tissue interface using resonance frequency analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996;7:261-7.
  • 59. Meredith N, Books K, Fribergs B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in viva. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. 1997;8:226-33.
  • 60. Balshi SF, Allen FD, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. A resonance frequency analysis assessment of maxillary and mandibular immediately loaded implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20:584-94.
  • 61. da Cunha, H.A., Francischone, C.E., Fliho, H.N. and de Oliveira, R.C.G. A comparison between cutting torque and resonance frequency in the assessment of primary stability and final torque capacity of standard and TiUnite single-tooth implants under immediate loading. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 2004;19(4).
  • 62. Glauser R et al. Resonance frequency analysis of implants subjected to immediate or early functional occlusal loading. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15:428-34.
  • 63. Becker W, Sennerby L, Bedrossian E, Becker BE, Luc- Dental implantlarda stabilite 86 7tepeklinik chini JP. Implant stability measurements for implants placed at the time of extraction: a cohort, prospective clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2005;76:391-7.
  • 64. Barewal, R. M., Oates, T. W., Meredith, N. & Cochran, D. L. Resonance frequency measurement of implant stability in vivo on implants with a sandblasted and acid- etched surface. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants. 2003;18:641-651.
  • 65. Kim DS, Lee WJ, Choi SC, Lee SS, Heo MS, Huh KH, Kim TI, Lee IB, Han JH, Yi WJ. A new method for the evaluation of dental implant stability using an inductive sensor. Med Eng Phys. 2012;34:1247-52.
  • 66. Glauser, R., Lundgren, A., Gottlow, J., Sennerby, L., Portmann, M., Ruhstaller, P. and Hämmerle, C.H., Immediate Occlusal Loading of Brånemark TiUnite™ Implants Placed Predominantly in Soft Bone: 1‐Year Results of a Prospective Clinical Study. Clinical implant dentistry and related research. 2003;5:47-56.
  • 67. Ostman PO, Hellman M, Sennerby L. Direct implant loading in the edentulous maxilla using a bone density-adapted surgical protocol and primary implant stability criteria for inclusion. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005;7:60-9.
  • 68. Sjöström M, Sennerby L, Nilson H, Lundgren S. Reconstruction of the atrophic edentulous maxilla with free iliac crest grafts and implants: a 3-year report of a prospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2007;9:46-59.
  • 69. Sennerby L, Meredith N. Implant stability measurements using resonance frequency analysis: biological and biomechanical aspects and clinical implications. Periodontol 2000. 2008;47:51- 66.
  • 70. Meredith N. A review of nondestructive test methods and their application to measure the stability and osseointegration of bone anchored endosseous implants. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1998;26:275-91.
  • 71. Nkenke E, Hahn M, Weinzierl K, Radespiel-Tröger M, Neukam FW, Engelke K. Implant stability and histomorphometry: a correlation study in human cadavers using stepped cylinder implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003;14:601-9.
  • 72. Lachmann S, Laval JY, Jäger B, Axmann D, Gomez-Roman G, Groten M, Weber H. Resonance frequency analysis and damping capacity assessment. Part 2: peri-implant bone loss follow-up. An in vitro study with the Periotest and Osstell instruments. Clin Oral Impl. 2006;17:80-4.
  • 73. Osstell. Erişim tarihi: 5 Mayıs 2018. Available from: https://www.osstell.com/clinical-guidelines/the-isq-scale/.
  • 74. Al-jetaily S, Al-dosari AA. Assessment of Osstell ä and Periotest Ò systems in measuring dental implant stability ( in vitro study ). 2011:17-21.
  • 75. Zix J, Hug DMDS, Kessler-liechti DMDG, Mericske-stern R. Measurement of Dental Implant Stability by Resonance Frequency Analysis and Damping Capacity Assessment : Comparison of Both Techniques in a Clinical Trial. 2008.
  • 76. Oh J, Kim S, Korea R. Clinical study of the relationship between implant stability measurements using Periotest and Osstell mentor and bone quality. 2012;113(3).
  • 77. Bilhan H, Cilingir, A., Bural, C., Bilmenoglu, C., Sakar, O. and Geckili, O., The evaluation of the reliability of periotest for implant stability measurements: An in vitro study. Journal of Oral Implantology. 2015;41:e90-e95.
  • 78. Hosein, Yara K. PhD; Dixon, S. Jeffrey DDS, PhD; Rizkalla, Amin S. PhD; Tassi, Ali DDS, MClD A Comparison of the Mechanical Measures Used for Assessing Orthodontic Mini-Implant Stability. Implant Dent. 2017;26:225-31.