Anadolu'da MÖ 3.Binyıl Minyatür Arabaları

Bu makalede MÖ 3. binyıla tarihlendirilen Anadolu kökenli, yayını yapılmış 22 adet minyatür araba değerlendirilmiştir. Bu minyatür arabalar teknik özelliklerine, koşum hayvanlarına ve işlevlerine bağlı olarak incelenmiştir. Arabanın ortaya çıkışı ve kullanılışı, toplumların askeri ve kültürel gelişiminin bir sonucudur. Anadolu’da minyatür boyutta arabalar MÖ 3. binyıldan itibaren görülmektedir. Bu binyılda Anadolu kültürel, siyasal ve askeri açıdan büyük bir ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Açığa çıkarılan söz konusu arabalar da olasılıkla orijinal arabaların küçük birer kopyasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

araba, ulaşım, tekerlek, at, boğa

Miniture Vehicles in Anatolia during The Third Millennium BC

In this article 22 miniature vehicles Anatolian origin, published have been evaluated based on their technical features, draught animals and their functions. Although the vehicles in question are dated to the 3rd millennium BC, finds dated to the Chalcolithic period were also found in archaeological excavations. There are also examples of miniature vehicles from 3rd millennium BC that have not yet been published or have only been found on wheels, and they are not included in this article. Miniture vehicles found in Anatolia come mainly from the southeast Anatolia region. It is uncertain where some of the other vehicles of Anatolian came from. These vehicles, made of terracotta and metal (copper or bronze), have a body with or without a visor, mostly with four wheels and a pair of draught animals. There are few two-wheeled examples. The draught animals of miniature vehicles is usually a pair of bulls. However, horses are rarely used in miniature vehicles. There are two different methods in construction technique of the metal vehicles. The first method is casting and the second method is a process in which the parts of the vehicles are assembled after being made one by one. In this article, it is aimed to contribute to future studies on this subject by collectively evaluating Anatolian miniature sized vehicles belonging to the 3rd millennium BC..

Keywords:

Anatolia, vehicle, wheel, horse, bull.,

PDF

___

T. Anlağan, “Sadberk Hanım Müzesi’ndeki Bir Urartu Kemeri Üzerine Gözlemler”, Sadberk Hanım Müzesi Yıllığı, PALMET II, İstanbul, 1998, 51-60.
F. Edgü (ed.), Anadolu Medeniyetleri, Avrupa Konseyi 18. Avrupa Sanat Sergisi, İstanbul 22 Mayıs-30 Ekim 1983, Ankara, 1983.
F. Kulakoğlu, “Recently Discovered Bronze Wagon Models from Şanlıurfa, Southeastern Anatolia”, Anatolia, 24, 2003, 63-77.
M.A. Littauer - J.H. Crouwel, “Early Metal Models of Wagons from the Levant”, Levant, V, London, 1973, 102-126.
O.W. Muscarella, Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Newyork, 1988.
E. Özgen, “A Group of Terracotta Wagon Models from Southeastern Anatolia”, Anatolian Studies, 36, 1986, 165-171.
O. San, “Diyarbakır Müzesinde Yer Alan İki Adet Pişmiş Toprak Araba Modeli”, Altan Çilingiroğlu’na Armağan Yukarı Denizin Kıyısında Urartu Krallığı’na Adanmış Bir Hayat, İstanbul, 2009, 599-605.
V. Sevin, “Doğu Anadolu Orta ve Son Tunç Çağı”, Arkeoatlas (Özel Koleksiyon), 2011, 342-367.
T. Yıldırım, “Eski Hitit Çağına ait Yeni Bir Kült Vazosu”, Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi 2005 Yıllığı, Ankara, 2006, 335-370.
T. Yıldırım, “Hüseyindede Vazosu”, Aktüel Arkeoloji, 7, 2008, 56-65.
I. Ziffer, “Four New Belts from the Land of Ararat and the Feast of the Women in Esther 1:9”, Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East, Proceeding of the 47th Recontre Assyriologique Internationale, Helsinki, July 2-6 2001, Helsinki, 2002, 645-657.