Spectral domain-optical coherence tomographic assessment of macular changes following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in patients with retinopathy of prematurity

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injection for type 1 and aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to detect probable alterations in central foveal thickness, to analyze macular structural changes and to observe regression of ROP following IVR therapy.Material and Methods: 40 eyes of 22 patients with type 1 or aggressive posterior ROP who received IVR injections and had macular spectral domain– optical coherence tomography (SD – OCT) images were included in the study. All eyes were scanned using a portable SD-OCT machine before treatment and 1st week, 1st month, 2nd month following IVR injection. All SD-OCT images were evaluated for central foveal thickness (CFT) and the development of cystoid macular edema (CME).Results: Recurrence of plus disease was observed in 10 eyes of six patients after IVR injection. Interval time from initial injection to recurrence was between 7 and 10 weeks. Alterations in CFT and macular structure were observed in short term period following IVR injection for type I and APROP. CME was observed in all patients but at various times in their follow-up periods.Conclusions: CME is a frequently seen finding in type I ROP and APROP. It might be a physiologic consequence of normal development of macula as well as part of pathologic process influenced by IVR injection. Even though recurrence r

PDF

___

Dobson V, Quinn GE, Summers CG, et al. Cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity cooperative group: visual acuity at 10 years in cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (cryo-rop) study eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:199-202.
Fierson WM, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Association of Certified Orthoptists: Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Pediatrics 2013;131:189-95.
Bowl W, Lorenz B, Stieger K, et al. Correlation of central visual function and ROP risk factors in prematures with and without acute ROP at the age of 6–13 years: the Giessen long-term ROP study. Br J Ophthalmol 2016;100:1238-44.
Kiernan DF, Mieler WF, Hariprasad SM. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a comparison of modern high-resolution retinal imaging systems. Am J Ophthalmol 2010;149:18-31.e2.
Maldonado RS, Toth CA. Optical coherence tomography in retinopathy of prematurity. looking beyond the vessels.Clin Perinatol 2013;40:271-96.
Vinekar A, Mangalesh S, Jayadev C, et al. Retinal Imaging of Infants on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:782420.
Mallipatna A, Vinekar A, Jayadev C, et al. The use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography in pediatric ophthalmology practice: Our experience of 975 infants and children. Indian J Ophthalmol 2015; 63:586-93.
Lashkari K, Hirose T, Yazdany J, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor levels are differentially elevated in patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Pathol 2000;156:1337-44.
Huang Q, Zhang Q, Fei P, et al. Ranibizumab injection as primary treatment in patients with retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 2017;124:1156-64.
Yoon JM, Shin DH, Kim SJ, et al. Outcomes after laser versus combined laser and bevacizumab treatment for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity in zone I. Retina 2017;37:88-96.
Wong RK, Hubschman S, Tsui I. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after ranibizumab treatment. Retina 2015;35:675-80.
Tolentino M. Systemic and ocular safety of intravitreal anti-vegf therapies for ocular neovascular disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2011;56:95-113.
Ecsedy M, Szamosi A, Karko´ C, et al. A Comparison of macular structure imaged by optical coherence tomography in preterm and full-term children. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2007;48:5207.
Vajzovic L, Rothman AL, Tran-Viet D, et al. Delay in retinal photoreceptor development in very preterm compared to term infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015;56:908-13.
Fieß A, Christian L, Janz J, et al. Functional analysis and associated factors of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer in former preterm and full-term infants. Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101:1405-11.
Hammer DX, Iftimia NV, Ferguson RD, et al. Foveal fine structure in retinopathy of prematurity: an adaptive optics fourier domain optical coherence tomography study. Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:2061-70.
Vinekar A, Avadhani K, Sivakumar M, et al. Understanding clinically undetected macular changes in early retinopathy of prematurity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:5183-88.
Dubis AM, Subramaniam CD, Godara P, et al. Subclinical macular findings in infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2013;120:1665-71.
Recchia FM, Recchia CC. Foveal dysplasia evident by optical coherence tomography in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2007;27:1221-6.
Stoica F, Chirita-Emandi A, Andreescu N, et al. Clinical relevance of retinal structure in children with laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity versus controls - using optical coherence tomography. Acta Ophthalmol 2018;96:e222-28.
Åkerblom H, Holmström G, Eriksson U, et al. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in school-aged prematurely-born children compared to children born at term. Br J Ophthalmol 2012;96:956-60.
Erol MK, Coban DT, Özdemir Ö, et al. Spectral-domain oct analyses of macular changes after ranibizumab therapy for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2015;52:152-8.
Shen W, Yau B, Lee SR, et al. Effects of ranibizumab and aflibercept on human müller cells and photoreceptors under stress conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:533.
Sato T, Wada K, Arahori H, et al. Serum concentrations of bevacizumab (avastin) and vascular endothelial growth factor in infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153:327-33.e1.
Carneiro ÂM, Costa R, Falcão MS, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels before and after treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. Acta Ophthalmol 2012;90:e25-30.
Bakri SJ, Snyder MR, Reid JM, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal ranibizumab (lucentis). ophthalmology 2007;114:2179-82.
Sukgen EA, Koçluk Y. Results of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in infants. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017;36:356-61.
Castellanos MAM, Schwartz S, García-Aguirre G, et al. Short-term outcome after intravitreal ranibizumab injections for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 2013;97:816-19.
Yuodelis C, Hendrickson A. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the human fovea during development. Vision Res 1986;26:847-55.
Jayadev C, Vinekar A, Mangalesh S, et al. Foveal layer morphology detected on spectral domain optical coherence tomography and its correlation with visual acuity in asian indian premature infants in their first year of life. Curr Eye Res 2017;42:789-95.
Rothman AL, Mangalesh S, Chen X, et al. Optical coherence tomography of the preterm eye: from retinopathy of prematurity to brain development. Eye Brain 2016;8:123-33.
Maldonado RS, O’Connell R, Ascher SB, et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic assessment of severity of cystoid macular edema in retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130:569-78.
Vinekar A, Avadhani K, Sivakumar M, et al. Understanding clinically undetected macular changes in early retinopathy of prematurity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2011;52:5183-8.
Maldonado RS, O’Connell R V, Sarin N, et al. Dynamics of human foveal development after premature birth. Ophthalmology 2011;118:2315-25.
Lee AC, Maldonado RS, Sarin N, et al. Macular features from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to indirect ophthalmoscopy in retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2011;31:1470-82.
Nagasaka Y, Ito Y, Ueno S, et al. Number of hyperreflective foci in the outer retina correlates with inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmol Retin 2018;2:726-34.
Kuroda M, Hirami Y, Hata M, et al. Intraretinal hyperreflective foci on spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic images of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Clin Ophthalmol 2014;8:435.
Oh J, Smiddy WE, Flynn HW, et al. Photoreceptor inner/outer segment defect imaging by spectral domain OCT and visual prognosis after macular hole surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:1651-58.