Tarihsel Kökenleriyle İsrail'de Siyasal Partiler

İsrail ileri derecede politize bir topluma sahiptir. Büyük Britanya mandasının erken dönemlerinden başlayarak siyasal partiler Yahudi toplumu içinde her yere uzanan güçlü siyasal kurumlar olarak belirmiştir. Gerek uygulanan nisbi temsil sisteminin uç bir örneği, gerek İsrail toplumunun karmaşık yapısı İsrail siyasetinde çok sayıda siyasal partinin doğmasına neden olmuştur. Karmaşık bir topluma sahip olan İsrail'de çeşitli toplumsal çatışmalar görülmektedir. Diğer batılı demokrasilerde temel çekişme sol ve sağ arasındadır. Ancak İsrail'deki tek temel mücadele ekseni bu olmayıp, siyonist-siyonist olmayan, Aşkenaz-Sefarad, dinci-laik, Arap-Yahudi çatışmaları başlıca kırılmaları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çatışma ve kırılmalar ülkedeki parti sayısını yükseltmektedir. İsrail'deki partileri dört grup içersinde inceleyebiliriz: 1. Merkez ve Merkez-Sol Partiler, 2. Merkez Sağ ve Milliyetçi Partiler, 3. Dinci Partiler, 4. Arap Partileri. Sol kanattan İşçi Partisi ve sağ kanattan Likud, İsrail'deki başat partilerdir. 1977 Mayıs'ına kadar İşçi Partisi ve öncesinde onun selefi Mapai İsrail politikasındaki en önde gelen siyasal kurum olmuştur. İşçi Partisi dışında; Meretz-Yahad, Şinui ve Am Ehad gibi partiler de sol kanattaki diğer partileri oluşturmaktadır. Likud'an sağında da aşın milliyetçi partiler konumlanmıştır. "Haredi" terimi Yahudi dinci partilerini ifade eden bir sözcüktür. Likud ile İşçi Partisi arasındaki denge siyasetinde haredi partiler anahtar bir rol oynamaktadır. İsrail'de, Arap-Yahudi çatışması Arap partilerinin var oluş nedenini oluşturmakta ve Arap oylan artan biçimde bu Arap partilerine gitmektedir.

The Political Parties in Israel with Their Historical Origins

Israel has a highly politicized nation. From the early days of the British ruling, political parties have been omnipotent and powerful institutions within the Israeli community. Israeli politics has a multi-party system because of the extreme form of proportional representation and also complexity of the Israeli community. As a owner öf a complex society, Israel manifest several societal cleavages. In the other western democracies, fundemental cleavage is between the left and the right. But this cleavage is not unique one in Israel. And there are also several cleavages between Zionists and non-Zionists, Ashkenazi community and Sepheradi community, religious and secular segments of society, Jewish community and Arab community. So, these cleavages give rise to several parties. We can examine the Israeli political parties within the four groups: 1. Center and center-left parties, 2. Center-right and nationalist parties, 3. Religious parties, 4. Arab parties. Labor Party -from the center-left- and Likud -from the right- are the main political parties in Israel. Until May 1977, Israeli politics was dominated by Mapai and its sucessor, the Labor Party. There are also several parties, like Meretz-Yahad, Shinui, Am Ehad, occupies the center-left. And several ultra-nationalist parties occupy the right of Likud. "Haredi" term refers to Jewish religious parties. Haredi parties play a key role within the Israel politics between Labor Party and Likud. Arab-Jewish cleavage is the main reason of the emergence of the Arab parties in Israel and the Arab vote has increasingly gone to these Arab parties.

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