Public Sector Reform in New Zealand: Transformation of the Society

Önceleri sadece özel sektörle ilgili olduğu düşünülen rekabet kavramı, artık günümüzde kamu yönetimi ile ilişkili olarak da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Rekabet özel sektörde, etkinliğin, verimliliğin, kalitenin, çabukluğun bir teminatı ya da tetikleyicisi olarak algılanmaktadır. Bir yanda uygulamada rekabetin bu yöndeki olumlu etkileri, diğer yandan da kamu sektöründeki verimsizliğin, etkinsizliğin, hantallığın, aşın bürokrasinin sebebi olarak görülen tekel niteliğine karşı duyulan tepki, rekabetin kamu yönetiminde de gündeme gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, kamu yönetiminde rekabetin olabilirliği, işlevleri, rekabet biçimleri ve mekanizmaları, ortaya çıkabilecek muhtemel sorunlar tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada özellikle kamu sektöründe rekabet yerine geçebilecek yöntemler üzerinde durularak, kamu yönetimini modernleştirme çabalarına, yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışı (NPM) çerçevesinde ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Yeni Zelanda Kamu Yönetimi Reformu: Toplumsal Dönüşüm

Reform of public administration is now a worldwide phenomenon, as governments grapple with rapid social, economic and technological change, including the effects of globalization. New Zealand has implemented radical and comprehensive public sector reforms since the mid-1980s. These refonns have established objectives and set incentives for productive peıformance and involve greater transparency. The opening of government agencies to competition, greater privatization and accountability standards contributed to improved government performance. These reforms have reduced the New Zealand Goyernment's market involvement relative to the total economy. Other countries have taken similar measures, but New Zealand's public-sector reforms have been more radical and comprehensive. This article examines comprehensive and fundamental administrative reform adopted in New Zealand. The role of politics and political leadership is linked to the various mbdels of reform. Lessons learned from New Zealand reforms in other countries are briefly described.

PDF

___

AUCOIN, P. (1990), "Administrative Reform in Public Management: Paradigms, Principles, Paradoxes and Pendulums," Governance, 3 II: 115-137.
BOSTON, J. (1996), "Origins and Destinations: New Zealand's Model of Public Management and the International Transfer of Ideas," WELLER, P. / DAVIS, G. (eds.), New Ideas Betler Government (St. Leonards, Australia: Ailen &Unwin).
BOSTON, J. (1993), "Financial Management Reform: Principles and Practice in New Zealand," Public Policy and Administration (Summer).
BOSTON, J. (1994), "Purchasing Policy Advice: The Limits of Contracting Out," Governance (January).
BOSTON, J. (1992), "The Problems of Policy Coordination: The New Zealand Experience," Governance (January).
BOSTON, J. (1992), "Assessing the Performance of Departmental Chief Executives: Perspectives from New Zealand," Public Administration (Autumn).
BOSTON, J. (1987), "Transforming New Zealand's Public Sector," Public Administration (winter).
BOSTON, J./PALLOT, P. (1997), "linking Strategy and Performance Developments in the New Zealand Public Sector," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 3.
BOSTON J./MARTIN, J./PALLOT, J./VVALSH, P. (eds.) (1991), Reshapins the State (New Zealand's Bureaucratic Revolution).
BOSTON, J./MARTIN, J./PALLOT, J./VVALSH, P. (1996), Public Management: The New Zealand Model (Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press).
DOUGLAS, R. (1990), "The Politics of Successful Structural Reform," Policy, Vol. 2: 2-6.
GAWTHROP, L. C. (1984), Public Sector Management: Systems and Ethics (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press).
HALLIGAN, J. (1995), "Policy Advice and the Public Service," PETERS, B. Gay / SAVOIE, Donald J. (eds.), Governance in a Changing Environment (Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queens University Press):138-172.
HOLMES, M. (1992), "Public Sector Management Reform:Convergence or Divergence?," Governance (October).
HOOD. C. (1991), "Public Management for Ali Seasons," Public Administration, Vol. 69/3.
HOOD, c. (1990), "De- Sir Humphreyfying the VVestminster Model of Bureaucracy: A New Style of Governance?," Governance, Vol.68/ 3: 205-14.
HORN, M. J. (1995), The Political Economy of Public Administration: Institutional Change in the Public Sector (New York: Cambridge University Press).
INGRAHAM, P. (1997), "Play it again, Sam; it's stili not right: Searching for the right notes in administrative reform," Public Administration Review, Volume 57/4 (July-August 1997):325.
IGRAHAM, P./THOMPSON, J./SANDERS, R. (1998), Transforming Government: Lesson f rom the Reinventing Laboratories (San Francisco: Jossey- Bass Publishers).
KETTL, D. (1997), "The Global Revolution in Public Management: Driving Themes, Missing Links," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Volume 16/3: 446-462.
KETT, D. (1993), Sharing Power: Public Covernance and Private Markets (Washington DC: Broodings Institution).
LANE, J-E. (1997), Public Sector Reform: Rationale, Trends, and Problems (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
LEEUW, F. L./RAY C. RIST/SONNICHSEN, Richard (Eds.) (1994), Can Governments Learn? Comparative Perspective on Evaluation and Organizational Learning (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publisher).
MARCH, J. G./OLSEN, J. P. (1995), Democratic Covernance (New York: The Free Press).
MARCH, J. G./OLSEN, J.P. (1989) Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics (New York: The Free Press).
MARTIN, J. (1994), "The Role of the State in Administration," SHARP, A. (ed.), Leap into the Dar (Auckland: Auckland University Press).
MASCARENHAS, R. (1993), "Building an Enterprise Culture in the Public Sector: reform of the public Sector in Australia, Britain, and New Zealand," Public Administration Review, Vol. 53: 319-28.
MOORE, M. (1995), Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).
MORGAN, G. (1997), Images of Organizations (Thousand Oaks: Sage).
OECD (1995), Governance in Transition: Public Management Reforms in OECD Countries (Paris: OECD).
OECD (1993), Public Management: OECD Country Profiles (Paris: OECD).
OLSEN, J. P./PETERS G. B. (Eds.) (1996), Lessons from Experience: Experiential Learning in Administrative Reforms in Eight Democracies (Boston: Scandinavian University Press).
OSBORNE, D./GEABLER, T. (1992), Reinventing Government (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).
POLLITT, C. (1990), Managehalism and the Public Services: The Anglo-American Experience (Oxford: Basil Blackwell).
SCHEIN, E. (1992), Organizational Culture and Leadership (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers).
SCHWARTZ, H. (1997), "Reinvention and Retrenchment: Lessons from the Application of the New Zealand Model to Alberto, Canada," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 16/3 (Summer 1997): 405-422.
SCOTT, G. C. (1994), "Strengthening Government Capacity to Mange Human resources: The New Zealand Experience," World Bank Technical Papers, No. 259 (Washington DC: World Bank).
SCOTT, G. C. (1996), Government Reform in New Zealand (Washington DC: IMF).
SCOTT, G./BALL, I./DALE, T. (1997), "New Zealand Public Sector Management Reforms Implications for the United States," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Volume 16/3.
SCOTT, G./GORRINGE, P. (1989), "Reform of the Core Public Sector: The New Zealand Experience," Australian Journal of Public Administration (March).
SCOTT, G./BUSHNELL, P./SALLEE, N. (1990), "Reform of the Core Public Sector: New Zealand Experience", Governance (April).
SCOTT, R. W. (1998), Organizations: Rational, Natura/, and Öpen Systems (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hail).
State Services Commission (1993), Nevv Zealand Public Sector Reform. State Services Commission (1994), New Zealand's Reformed State Sector (http://www.ssc.govt.nz).
Transparency International (1998), http://www.gwdg.de/-uwvw/icr.htm.
Treasury (1987), Government Management. Wellington: Government Printer. (http://www.treasury.govt.nz).
U.S. General Accounting Office (1995), Transforming the Civil Service: Building the Workforce of the Future (Washington: D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office).
WISTRICH, E. (1992), "Restructuring Government New Zealand Style," Public Administration (Spring).
World Bank (1997), World Development Report (Washington: D.C.: World Bank).
World Competitiveness Yearbook (1997), IMD.