GÖÇÜN SURİYELİ KADINLARIN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET PRATİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: İMKÂNLAR ve ZORLUKLAR

2011 yılından itibaren Suriye’de yaşanan iç savaş nedeniyle yaklaşık 4 milyon Suriye vatandaşı Türkiye’ye göç etmek zorunda kalmış ve bu durum hayatlarında çok köklü değişikliklere sebep olmuştur. Göç karmaşık ve çok katmanlı bir süreç olarak Suriyeliler için hem imkânlar yaratmış hem de yeni yaşam zorluklarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Akademik literatürde karmaşık bir süreç olarak göçün sadece erkekler ve kadınlar tarafından farklı deneyimlenen bir süreç olmadığı, sosyal statü, eğitim düzeyi, istihdam statüsü gibi sosyal pozisyonların da kadınların göçü farklı deneyimlemelerine sebep olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu çıkış noktasından hareketle bu çalışmada, Suriye’den Türkiye’ye göçün, değişik eğitim düzeyleri ve istihdam statülerine sahip olan Suriyeli kadınlar tarafından farklı tecrübe edildiği tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışma 2018 yılında Türkiye’nin 5 farklı şehrinden toplam 83 Suriyeli kadın ile yapılan mülakatlardan elde edilen verilerin feminist metodoloji ile yapılan analizine dayanmaktadır. Göç öncesi eğitim olanaklarına erişmiş ve iş gücüne katılmış olan kadınlar için Suriye’den Türkiye’ye göç yeni zorlukları beraberinde getiren ve sosyal statü kaybına neden olan bir deneyim olurken göç öncesi eğitim ve istihdam olanaklarından faydalanamayan kadınlar içinse eğitime ve istihdama katılım, kamusal alana erişim ve aile baskısının azalması gibi imkânlar doğuran bir süreç olarak deneyimlenmektedir.

The Impact of Migration on Syrian Women's Gender Practices: Opportunities and Challenges

Since 2011, due to the civil war in Syria nearly 4 million Syrian citizens have been forced to emigrate to Turkey and this situation has caused significant changes in their lives. As a complex and multi-layered process, migration has both created opportunities and challenges for Syrians. It is argued in the academic literature that migration as a complex process is not only a process experienced differently by men and women, but also social positions such as social status, education level, employment status get women to experience migration differently. By taking this point in mind, this study discusses that Syrian women, holding varying educational level and employment status, experience migration from Syria to Turkey differently. This study analyzes the data obtained from interviews with a total of 83 Syrians women from five different cities in Turkey by employing feminist methodology. Whereas emigration from Syria to Turkey has brought new challenges such as loss of status to the women who have access to education and workforce in Syria, for women who did not get education and join workforce, migration is experienced as a process that creates opportunities such as participation in education and employment, gaining access to public sphere and reduced family pressure.

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