Artan ‘Rekabet’ Altında İhracata Yönelik Sektörlerde Değişen Ücret Yapısı

Bu çalışmada, emek-yoğun ürünlerin ihracatında son yıllarda uluslararası düzeyde artan 'rekabet' koşullarının ücret yapısı üzerinde oluşabilecek etkilerini çatışan bölüşüm talepleri çerçevesinde bir modelleme ile açıklamayı amaçlıyoruz. Türkiye ekonomisi örneğinde gözlemlediğimiz gibi, 199O'lı yılların başlarından itibaren verilen uluslararası taahhütler kapsamında dış ticarette tam liberalleşme politikalarının uygulamasına geçilmiş ve ihracatı destekleme amaçlı oluşturulmuş teşvik, prim ve sübvansiyonlar azaltılmış veya kaldırılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, birçok gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinin artık benzer ürünleri ihraç eder duruma gelmesiyle esnek hale gelen ihracat talep yapısı göz önüne alındığında, gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinin ihracata dayalı 'büyüme' rejiminden büyük beklenti içinde olmalarıyla bileşim yanıltısı kurbanı olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, sunacağımız model, ihracat teşviklerindeki azalma ile tetiklenen bir sistem içinde, esnek bir ihracat talep varsayımı ve dolayısıyla ihraç edilen ürünlerde fiyat artışlarının sınırlı olması durumunu göz önünde bulundurmaktadır.

Changing Wage Structure in Export Sectors under Rising Competition

In this paper, we aim to develop a model within a conflicting-claims framework to explain possible implications of changing conditions of competition on the the wage patterns particularly in the labor-intensive export sectors. As it can be observed in the Turkish economy, starting with 1990s, there has been major changes in states' policies accomodating the export sectors consistent with international commitments. Throughout this process, several subsidy mechanisms were either weakened or dismantled. At the same time, as many developing economies turned out to be the exporters of similar manufacturing products with the switch to export-led growth strategies, we observe that the structure of the demand for such products has become more elastic. This latter puts forward the fact that many of developing economies fell victim to the fallacy of composition problem in their expectations about export-led growth. Considering the elastic export demand that puts a major constraint on the prices of export goods, the model we present shows how the change in the profit rate triggered by a one time change in export subsidy rates results in different real wage patterns over time.

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