Avrupa insan hakları sözleşmesinin 35 § 3 (b) maddesinde yer alan yeni kabul edilebilirlik ölçütü: ‘Önemli zarar’

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin iş yükünün giderek artması karşısında Yüksek Sözleşmeci Taraflar tarafından iş yükünü azaltma amacıyla yeni bir kabuledilebilirlik kriteri uygulamaya konulmuştur. Yeni kriter Mahkemenin esastan incelenmeyi gerektiren davalara yoğunlaşabilmesine yardım edebilecek ek bir araç sağlamaktadır. Bir başka deyişle bu kriter Mahkemeye, ‘yargıçların önemsiz davalara bakmamaları ilkesi’ gereğince, ‘önemsiz’ gördüğü davaları reddetme imkanı vermektedir. Sözleşmenin 35 § 3 (b) maddesi üç ayrı unsurdan oluşmaktadır. Birincisi, kabuledilebilirlik kriterinin kendisidir: Mahkeme, başvurucunun önemli bir zarara uğramadığı bir bireysel başvuruyu kabuledilemez bulabilir. Ardından iki koruyucu hüküm gelmektedir. İlk olarak, insan haklarına saygı ilkesinin başvurunun esastan incelenmesini gerektirmesi halinde Mahkeme bu başvuruyu kabuledilemez bulmayabilir. İkinci olarak, bir ulusal makam tarafından gereği gibi incelenmemiş bir olay, yeni kritere göre reddedilemez. ‘Önemli zarar’ terimi, Mahkemenin içtihatlarının tedricen gelişimi suretiyle yerleşen objektif kriterlerle yorumlanabilecek ve yorumlanması

The new admissibility criterion stated in the article 35 § 3 (b) of the european convention of human rights: ‘Significant disadvantage’

The new admissibility criterion was entered into force by the High Contracting Parties for the purpose in view of the ever-increasing caseload of the European Court of Human Rights. It provides the Court with an additional tool which should assist it in concentrating on cases which warrant an examination on the merits. In other words, it enables the Court to reject cases considered as ‘unmeritorious’ pursuant to ‘the principle whereby judges should not deal with such cases’. Article 35 § 3 (b) of the Convention is composed of three distinct elements. Firstly, the admissibility criterion itself: the Court may declare inadmissible any individual application where the applicant has suffered no significant disadvantage. Next come two safeguard clauses. Firstly, the Court may not declare such an application inadmissible where respect for human rights requires an examination of the application on the merits. Secondly, no case may be rejected under this new criterion which has not been duly considered by a domestic authority. ‘Significant disadvantage’ is a term which is capable of, and requires, interpretation establishing objective criteria through the gradual development of the case-law of the Court. This term gives the Court some degree of flexibility, in addition to that already provided by the existing admissibility criteria. The new criterion hinges on the idea that a violation of a right, however real from a purely legal point of view, should attain a minimum level of severity to warrant consideration by an international Court. In this article we aimed at to clarify the meaning of the new criteria and to explain the interpretation approach of the new criteria of the Court.

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