Kültürel - Tarihsel Kuram Çerçevesinde Çocuk Gelişimi

Bu makalenin amacı, Kültürel-Tarihsel kuramın temel kavramlarını açıklamak ve kuramın çocuk gelişimine yönelik görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada ilk olarak kuramın kültüre ve tarihe bakışı açıklanmıştır. Bunun yanında kuramın genelde psikoloji disiplini ve özelde de çocuk gelişimi ile ilgili kuramsal ve yöntembilimsel tartışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Kuramsal yönü ile ilgili olarak kuramın genel olarak insan gelişimini nasıl kavramsallaştırdığı üzerinde durulmuş; basit işlevler ve ileri psikolojik işlevler, aracılı araçlar ve işaretler, toplumsal etkileşim ve yakınsak gelişim alanı kavramları açıklanmıştır. Yöntembilimsel olarak ise, kuramda tartışılan yöntembilimsel özellikler üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak kuramın temel yapısı çerçevesinde tanımlanan öğretime dayalı farklı etkileşim biçimleri ve bunların temel özellikleri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cultural-Historical Theory, The zone of proximal development, mediation in development and learning, scaffolding, guided participation

Child Development Within The Framework Of Cultural-Historical Theory

The purpose of this paper is to present different aspects of Cultural-Historical Theory and examine their relevance to child development. It is discussed some important conceptual features of theory such as elemantary functions and higher psychological functions, tools and mediation, social interactions, zone of proximal development. In addition Vygotsky’s a number of methodological points concerning the nature of psychological inquiry was examined. Finally to present theory’s explanations about the relation between development and learning were determined the concepts of guided participation and scaffolding being within social interactions

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