Biyolojik ritimler ve anestezi

Primitif tek hücreli organizmalardan insanlara kadar tüm canlı türleri fizyolojik işlevlerinin çoğunu belirli ritimler içerisinde gerçekleştirirler. Biyolojik ritimlerin ilk fark edilmeleriyle birlikte üzerinde çalışmalar başlamış ancak yaklaşık yüzyıl öncesine kadar konuyu sahiplenen sadece bitki bilimciler olmuştur. Teknolojinin ve yöntemlerin gelişmesiyle hayvanlarda daha sonra da insanlarda yapılan araştırmalar biyolojik ritimlerin hayatımızdaki önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hipotalamusun suprakiazmatik çekirdeğindeki santral biyolojik saat, çeşitli saat genlerinin kontrolünde biyolojik ritimlerin oluşmasını ve periferik dokulardaki diğer saatlerin koordinasyonunu sağlar. Santral saat otonom olarak çalışır ancak çevreden gelen zaman belirleyicilerle yeniden ayarlanabilir. Işık, sıcaklık ve sosyal etkenler gibi çevresel değişiklikler karşısında çeşitli biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve davranışsal olayların senkronize çalışmasını düzenleyerek organizmanın adaptasyonunu sağlar. Vardiyalı çalışma saatleri ve zaman dilimlerinin aşıldığı yolculukların yanı sıra klinik ve laboratuvar bilgilerinin yorumlanması ile tedavide ilaçların etkin kullanımı açısından biyolojik ritimlerimiz önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı; biyolojik ritimler konusunda bazı genel kavramları açıklamak, insanda biyolojik ritimleri yöneten içsel saat hakkındaki güncel bilgileri bir araya getirmek, ritimlerimizden örnekler vermek, anestetik maddelerin kinetik ve dinamik özelliklerindeki zamana bağlı değişiklikleri gözden geçirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anestezikler, Günlük ritim, Melatonin

Biological rhythms and anesthesia

From primitive organisms to humans, all species perform most of their physiological functions in a particular rhythm. Research in the area of biological rhythms started with the first realization of their existence; however, until the last century, botanists were the only ones to promote the subject. As technology and methodologies improved, research conducted on animals and then on humans has shown the importance of biological rhythms in our lives. Under the control of various clock genes, the biological clock in the central suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus creates the biological rhythms and coordinates the other clocks within the peripheral tissues. The central clock works autonomously but can be reentrained with timegivers from the environment. This ensures the organism's adaptation by coordinating various biochemical, physiological and behavioral events, in response to environmental changes such as light and heat as well as social factors. In addition to its role in shift work hours and jet-lag, biological rhythms are important for the interpretation of clinical and laboratory information, and the effective use of treatment medication. The goal of this review is to clarify some of the common concepts that will help us better understand biological rhythm, gather the current information on the endogenous clock that coordinates the biological rhythms in the human body, provide examples of our rhythms and also review the time dependent changes in the kinetic and dynamic characteristics of anesthetics.

Keywords:

Anesthetics, Circadian Rhythm, Melatonin,

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