Nuriye BUYUKKAYACI DUMAN, Fatma YILDIRIM, Hüsne YÜCESOY

COVID-19 pandemisi ve COVID-19 aşısının menstrüel siklusa etkisi

Menstrüel siklus düzensizlikleri, menstrüel siklustaki sıklık, düzenlilik, süre veya yoğunluk açısından değişiklikleri ve ayrıca ara kanamayı içerir. Düzensiz menstrüel siklusun küresel prevalansı üreme yıllarında %5 ile %34 arasında değişmekte ve bununla ilgili sorunlar jinekoloğa en sık başvuru nedenlerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Covid-19 pandemi süre- cinde ve covid-19 aşılarından sonra kadınlarda menstrüel düzensizlikle- rin arttığı ve ped sayılarının azaldığı belirtilmiştir. Eğer bu değişikliklerin aşı ile ilgili bir bağlantısı varsa, bunun belirli bir aşı bileşeninden ziyade aşıya karşı bağışıklık tepkisinin bir sonucu olabileceği düşünülmekte - dir. Aşılamadan sonra menstrüel siklusta bildirilen değişiklikler kısa ömürlü olsa da, bu olası advers reaksiyona ilişkin sağlam araştırmalar, aşılama programının genel başarısı için kritik olmaya devam etmektedir. Covid-19 sosyal hayatı etkilerken kadınlar özellikle cinsel aktif dönemde hormonal dengesizliklere yol açmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda da mens - trüel siklus düzensizlikleri, kullanılan ped sayısının azalması ile sonuç - lanmasına ve gelecek kuşakları tehdit edecek nüfus sayısında düşmelere neden olacak sonuçlara yol açabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı pandemi süre- cinin başlangıcı olan Aralık 2019–2022 yılları arasında Covid-19 pan- demisi ve Covid-19 aşısı olarak geliştirilen mRNA aşısı ve adenovirüs vektörlü aşılarının hormonal bozukluklara ve menstrüel siklus düzen- sizliklerine etkilisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Literatürler PUBmed, Web of Science, Google Akademik’ten “Covid-19 pandemisi, Covid-19 aşısı, menstruasyon, menstrüel siklus düzensizliği” anahtar kelimele- ri kullanılarak kaynaklara ulaşılmış ve 14400 kaynak tanımlanmıştır. Retrospektif olan çalışmalar ve olgu sunumu olan çalışmalar dışlanarak sayı 30’a düşmüş, geriye kalanlar taranarak uygun olan bilimsel yayınlar- dan 20 sayı çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 vaccine on menstrual cycle

Menstrual cycle irregularities include changes in menstrual cycle frequency, regularity, duration or intensity, as well as breakthrough bleeding. The global prevalence of irregular menstrual cycle ranges from 5% to 34% during reproductive years, and related problems constitute one of the most common reasons for referral to a gynecologist. It has been stated that during the Covid-19 pandemic and after the covid-19 vaccines, menstrual irregularities increased and the number of pads decreased in women. If these changes are related to the vaccine, it is thought that it may be a result of the immune response to the vaccine rather than a specific vaccine component. While reported changes in menstrual cycle after vaccination are short-lived, robust research on this potential adverse reaction remains critical to the overall success of the vaccination program. While Covid-19 affects social life, women cause hormonal imbalances, especially during the sexually active period. As a result, menstrual cycle irregularities may result in a decrease in the number of pads used and result in a decrease in the number of population that will threaten future generations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mRNA vaccine and adenovirus vectored vaccines developed as Covid-19 pandemic and Covid-19 vaccine between December 2019–2022, the beginning of the pandemic process, on hormonal disorders and menstrual cycle irregularities. Resources were accessed from the literatures PUBmed, Web of Science, Google Academic using the keywords “Covid-19 pandemic, Covid-19 vaccine, menstruation, menstrual cycle irregularity” and 14400 references were identified. The number of retrospective studies and case reports were excluded, and the number decreased to 30, and 20 of the appropriate scientific publications were included in the study by scanning the rest.

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