KÜLTÜR MANTARLARLARINDA GÖRÜLEN VİRÜS HASTALIKLARI

Dünyanın her yerinde değişik mantar türleri yetiştirilmektedir. Dünyada 200 yenilebilir mantar türünden ancak 25’i kültüre alınmış ve insan beslenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach (beyaz şapkalı kültür mantarı) yaklaşık % 32’lik bir oranla dünyada en çok kültürü yapılan mantar türüdür. Kültürü yapılan diğer mantar türleri de sırasıyla şu şekilde sıralanmaktadır: Lentinus edodes (meşe mantarı), Pleurotus türleri (kayın, kavak veya istiridye mantarları), Volvariella volvacea (saman mantarı), Auricularia türleri (ağaç kulağı veya Yahudi kulağı mantarı), Flamminula velutipes (inci mantarı), Tremella fuciformis (jöle mantarı) ve Pholiota nameko (nameko mantarı). Kültür mantarlarında ciddi verim kayıplarına yol açan pek çok hastalık etmeni ve zararlı bulunmaktadır. Virüs hastalıkları kültür mantarlarının en ciddi hastalık etmenlerinden biridir. Bu virüsler yavaş ve anormal misel gelişimi, verim düşüklüğü ve şapkalarda şekil bozukluğu belirtilerini de içeren pek çok hastalık belirtilerine yol açmaktadır. Kültür mantarlarında görülen virüs hastalıkları Türkiye de dahil olmak üzere mantarcılığın yapıldığı hemen hemen tüm ülkelerde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dünyada en çok üretilen kültür mantarı olmasından dolayı beyaz şapkalı kültür mantarı (Agaricus bisporus) üzerinde görülen virüs hastalıkları üzerinde ağırlıklı olarak durulmuştur

KÜLTÜR MANTARLARLARINDA GÖRÜLEN VİRÜS HASTALIKLARI

Keywords:

Mantar, mikovirüs dsRNA,

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