198205

Kahverengi Kokarca [Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)]’ya Karşı Mücadelede Kullanılan Feromon ve Tuzak Tiplerinin Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi

Kahverengi kokarca (Halyomorpha halys), egzotik kökenli polifag istilacı bir böcek türüdür. Türkiye’deki varlığı ilk kez 2017 de tespit edilmiştir. Feromon tuzakları zararlının hem popülasyon izlenmesinde hem de kitlesel yakalamada yaygın bir biçimde kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma 2021 yılında (Temmuz-Eylül) Artvin ilinde, zararlıya karşı feromon kaynağının saha etkinliğini, 3 farklı tuzak tipinin 3 farklı bitki ekositemindeki yakalama etkinliğini ve zararlının bu alanlardaki mevsimsel dağılışını tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Fındık, kivi ve mısır alanlarında yürütülen çalışmada funnel, bidon ve yapışkan tuzak olmak üzere 3 farklı tuzak tipi denenmiş, feromon kaynağı olarak Pherocon® trece kullanılmıştır. Feromon kaynağının saha etkinliği kontrol tuzaklarla karşılaştırıldığında, yapışkan ve bidon tip tuzaklarda % 100, funnel tip tuzakta ise % 99,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevsim boyunca en fazla H. halys funnel tip tuzakta yakalanmış, yakalanan böcek sayısı funnel, yapışkan ve bidon tip tuzakta 145,65±17,52 a, 99,1±10,82 b ve 96,95±8,18 b böcek/tuzak olarak saptanmıştır. Toplam yakalanan böcek sayısı funnel tuzakta 2912, yapışkan tuzakta 1982 ve bidon tuzakta 1939 adet olmuştur. Kivi, fındık, mısır alanlarında mevsim boyunca yakalanan böcek sayısı sırasıyla yaklaşık 47,82±4,92 a , 34,80±3,89 ab , 31,28±4,05 b böcek/tuzak olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevsim boyunca kivi’de 2869 fındık’ta 2080, ve mısır’da 1884 adet böcek yakalanmıştır. En yüksek böcek yakalama Eylül ayında gerçekleşmiştir.Çalışma sonuçunda kullanılan feromon kaynağının son derece etkin olduğu ve en çok yakalanmanın funnel tip tuzaka gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fındık, Kivi, Mısır, Tuzak Etkinliği, Funnel Tip Tuzak, Yapışkan Tip Tuzak, Bidon Tip Tuzak

Determination of The Effectiveness of Pheromone and Trap Types Used in The Fight Against Brown Marmorated Stink Bug [Halyomorpha Halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)]

Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) (Halyomorpha halys) that can feed on many host plants is a very important invasive insect species. Pheromone traps are widely used for mass trapping within the scope of biotechnical control and monitoring of H. halys populations. This study was conducted in Artvin province in 2021 (July-September) to determine the field effectiveness of the pheromone source against the pest, the trapping efficiency of 3 different trap types in 3 different plant ecosystems, and the seasonal fluctuation of the pest in these areas. Funnel, plastic bottle and sticky traps were experimented in hazelnut, kiwi and corn fields. Pherocon® trece was used in experiments as pheromone source. The field effectiveness of pheromone source was found 100% for plastic bottle and sticky traps, and 99.9% for funnel trap, compared to traps without pheromone. The highest insect detecting was found in Funnel trap, the mean number of captured insects were 145,65±17,52 a, 99,1±10,82 b ve 96,95±8,18 b insect/trap for funnel, sticky traps and plastic bottle , respectively, during the sampling period. Total number of captured insects were 2912, 1982 and 1939 for the trap types respectively. The mean number of captured insects in hazelnut, kiwi and corn fields were 47,82±4,92 a , 34,80±3,89 ab , 31,28±4,05 b insect/trap respectively. The total number of captured insects in hazelnut, kiwi and corn fields was 2869,2080 and 1884, respectively, during the sampling period. The highest insect catching was observed in September. As a result of the study, it was determined that the pheromone used was highly effective and the funnel type trap caught the most number of pest compare to other traps.

Keywords:

Halyomorpha halys Funnel trap, Trap, Sticky traps, Plastic bottle trap, Kiwi, Corn, Hazelnut,

PDF

___

Akotsen-Mensah, C., Kaser, J. M., Leskey, T. C., Nielsen, A. L. 2018. Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Responses To Traps Baited With Pheromones In Peach And Apple Orchards. 111(5), 2153-2162.
Anonim. 2022. Ferrer Https://Www.Frutas-Hortalizas.Com/Fruits/About-Hazelnut.Html Erişim : (17/09/2022)
Anonim. 2022b. Ordu Ticaret Borsası Kİvi raporu https://www.ordutb.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Kivi-Raporu.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 25.02.2022)
Bosco, L., Moraglio, S. T., & Tavella, L. 2018. Halyomorpha halys, a serious threat for hazelnut in newly invaded areas. Journal of Pest Science, 91(1), 661-670.
Bernardinelli, I., Malossini, G., Benvenuto, L. J. 2017. Halyomorpha halys: Risultati preliminari di alcune attività sperimentali condotte in Friuli Venezia Giulia nel Not ERSA, 1(1), 24-26.
Rachel, C. 1962. Silent spring. Penguin Books.
Chung, B. 1995. Damages, occurrences and control of hemipterous insects in nonastringent persimmon orchards. RDA J. Agric. Sci., 37(1), 376-382.
Ciceoi, R., Dumbrava, M., Jerca, I. O., Pomohaci, C. M., Dobrin, I. J. A. Z. B. S. 2017. Assessment of the damages on maize crop by the invasive stink bugs Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) and Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758)(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Acta Zool Bulg. Suppl, 9(1), 211-217.
Funayama, K. 1996. Sucking injury on apple fruit by the adult of brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha mista (Uhler). 47, 140-142.
Göktürk, T. 2020. Halyomorpha halys (Stål) mücadelesinde ışık ve feromon tuzaklarının etkinliliklerinin araştırılması. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 270-275.
Hedstrom, C. S., Shearer, P. W., Miller, J. C., Walton, V. M. 2014. The effects of kernel feeding by Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on commercial hazelnuts. Journal of economic entomology, 107(5), 1858-1865.
Hess, B., Zimmermann, O., Baufeld, P., Reißig, A., Lutsch, B., Schrader, G. 2022. Current distribution and spatial spread patterns of Halyomorpha halys in Germany. EPPO Bulletin, 52(1), 164-174.
Hoebeke, E. R., and Carter, M. E. 2003. Halyomorpha halys (Stål)(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): a polyphagous plant pest from Asia newly detected in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105(1), 225-237.
Hoffman, W.E. 1931. A pentatomid pest of growing beans in South China. Peking Nat. Hist. Bull, 5(3), 25-26. Jmppro13. 2013. Jmp® Pro 13. 2016. Sas Institute Inc., Cary, Nc.
Kamiyama, M. T., Matsuura, K., Yoshimura, T., Yang, C. 2021. Improving invasive species management using predictive phenology models: An example from brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) in Japan. Pest Management Science, 77(12), 5489-5497.
Khrimian, A., Zhang, A., Weber, D. C., Ho, H.-Y., Aldrich, J. R., Vermillion, K. E., Leskey, T. C. 2014. Discovery Of The Aggregation Pheromone Of The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Through The Creation Of Stereoisomeric Libraries Of 1-Bisabolen-3-Ols.Journal of Natural Products, 77(7), 1708-1717.
Krawczyk, G., Morin, H., & Hirst, C. J. I.-W. B. 2019. Alternative Methods To Manage Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys. IOBC-WPRS Bull. 146(1), 114-118.
Kobayashi, T. 1967. The developmental stages of some species of the Japanese Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera): XVI. Homalogonia and an allied genus of Japan (Pentatomidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2(1), 1-8.
Leskey, T. C., Hamilton, G. C., Nielsen, A. L., Polk, D. F., Rodriguez-Saona, C., Bergh, J. C.,Wright, S. E. 2012. Pest status of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys in the USA. Outlooks on Pest Management, 23(5), 218-226.
Leskey, T. C., Short, B. D., Lee, D. H. 2014. Efficacy of insecticide residues on adult Halyomorpha halys (Stål)(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) mortality and injury in apple and peach orchards. Pest Management Science, 70(7), 1097-1104.
Macavei, L. I., Bâețan, R., Oltean, I., Florian, T., Varga, M., Costi, E., Maistrello, L. 2015. First detection of Halyomorpha halys Stål, a new invasive species with a high potential of damage on agricultural crops in Romania. Lucrari Stiintifice Seria Agronomie 58(1), 105-108
Mart, C. 2005. Pamukta entegre üretim. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Yayınları, 119, 93
Medal, J., Smith, T., & Santa Cruz, A. J. 2013. Biology Of The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) In The Laboratory. Florida Entomologist,. 96(3), 1209-1212.
Morrison Iii, W. R., Cullum, J. P., Leskey, T. C. 2015. Evaluation Of Trap Designs And Deployment Strategies For Capturing Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Journal of economic entomology,. 108(4), 1683-1692.
Nielsen, A. L., Hamilton, G. C., Matadha, D. 2008. Developmental rate estimation and life table analysis for Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Environmental entomology, 37(2), 348-355.
Panizzi, A. R., & Grazia, J. 2015. Introduction to True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics. True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics. Springer, 1,3-20.
Rice, K. B., Bergh, C. J., Bergmann, E. J., Biddinger, D. J., Dieckhoff, C., Dively, G., Tooker, J. F. 2014. Biology, ecology, and management of brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 5(3), A1-A13.
Rondoni, G., Chierici, E., Marchetti, E., Nasi, S., Ferrari, R., Conti, E. J. 2022. Improved Captures Of The Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys, Using A Novel Multimodal Trap. 13(6), 527.
Rot, M., Devetak, M., Carlevaris, B., Žežlina, J., Žežlina, I. 2018. First record of brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855)(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Slovenia. Acta Entomologica Slovenica, 26(1), 5-12.
Saruhan, I., Tuncer, C. 2010. Research on damage rate and type of green shieldbug (Palomena prasina L. Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on hazelnut. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(2), 75-83.
Shiraki, T. 1952. Catalogue of injurious insects in Japan (exclusive of animal parasites). Economic and Scientific Section, Natural Resources Division, Preliminary Study 71 -5.
Siezo, N. T. N. 1968. List of important diseases and pests of economic plants in Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Plant Protection Society.
Tavella, L., Arzone, A., Sargiotto, C.,Sonnati, C. 1996. Coreidae and Pentatomidae harmful to hazelnuts in northern Italy (Rhynchota Heteroptera). In IV International Symposium on Hazelnut 445 (pp. 503-510).
Thompson, M. M. 1979. Growth and Development of the Pistillate Flower and Nut in ‘Barcelona’Filbert1. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 104(3), 427-432.
TMO. 2020. 2020 Yılı Fındık Sektör Raporu. https://www.tmo.gov.tr/ Upload/ Document/ sektorraporlari /findik2020.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 17/09/2022)
Yasunaga, T., Takai, M., Yamashita, I., Kawamura, M.,Kawasawa, T. 1993. A field guide to Japanese bugs: terrestrial heteropterans. 380 pp. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai Co Ltd. Tokyo.
Tuncer, C. 2019. Kahverengi Kokarca [Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855)(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)]: Findik İçin Yeni Ve Tehlikeli Bir İstilaci Tür. https://www.tb.org.tr /uploads/files/3182-Kahverengi_ kokarca_Bakanl C4%B1k_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1_ufk.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 17/09/2022)
Кулава, Л., Карпун, Н., Журавлёва, Е., Шошина, Е., & Айба, Л. J. С. И. Д. С. 2021. Эффективность Феромонов Коричнево-Мраморного Клопа Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) И Ловушек Разных Конструкций В Агроценозах Мандарина В Абхазии. (77), 161-169.
Yoshii, T. Y. 1984. The damage on the mulberry shoot caused by the brown-marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha mista Uhler. 53(1), 81-82.
Yuan, T. L. 1984. Some studies on witches' broom disease of Paulownia in China. International Journal of Tropical Plant Diseases, 2(2), 181-190.