ALS ve ACCase inhibitörü herbisitlere dayanıklı Echinochloa crus-galli'nin entegre mücadelesi

Çeltik, yüksek iç tüketimi ve küresel olarak gıda güvenliği açısından önemli rolü nedeniyle önemli bir tahıl ürünüdür. Çeltik üretiminde münavebe ve nadassız ekimin zorluğu nedeniyle, hızlı üreme kapasitesine sahip, suya adapte olmuş rekabetçi yabancı ot türleri sorun haline gelmiştir. Yabani otların pirinç verimi ve çiftlik kârları üzerindeki güçlü olumsuz etkileri, uygun maliyetli yabani ot yönetimi stratejileri için bir talep yarattı. Uzun yıllar aynı etki mekanizmasına sahip herbisitlerin kullanılması sonucunda herbisitlere dayanıklı yabancı ot türlerinin sayısı ve populasyonu hızla artmıştır. Dolayısıyla entegre yabancı ot kontrolü, ülkelerin üretim sistemlerine göre geliştirilmesi gereken bu yabancı otlarla mücadelede tek yöntem ve önemli bir çözümdür. Echiochloa crus-galli (Darıcan), çeltik üretim alanlarına uyum sağlamış en erken yabani otlardan biridir. Etkili yabancı ot yönetimi için; yetiştirme yöntemi, su yönetimi ve çeltik çeşitleri (Osmancık, Gönen, Koral) arasındaki etkileşimin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemeler Türkiye'nin Marmara ve Karadeniz Bölgelerinde, dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Su seviyesi (özellikle yüksek su seviyesi) sadece yabani otlara karşı oldukça baskılayıcı bir etkiye sahip olmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda pirincin büyümesini ve verimini artırmaya da yardımcı olmuştur. Derin ve orta su seviyeleri, pirincin kardeşlenme sayısını ve kuru ağırlığını artırmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, çeltik ekim alanlarında su seviyesinin korunması ile daha iyi çeltik gelişimi ve yüksek verim elde edilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Rekabetçi ve yerel çeltik çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi, herbisite dayanıklı yabancı otlarla entegre mücadele programında geçerli bir yaklaşım olarak görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Echinochloa crus-galli, Kültürel Mücade, Çeltik, Entegre Mücadele

Integrated control of Echinochloa crus-galli resistant to ALS and ACCase inhibitor herbicides

Rice is an important grain crop due to its high domestic consumption and important role in terms of food security globally. Because of the difficulty of crop rotation and fallow-free cultivation in rice production, competitive weed species that have the capacity to reproduce rapidly and are adapted to water have become a problem. The strong negative effects of weeds on rice yield and farm profits have created a demand for cost-effective weed management strategies. As a result of the use of herbicides with the same mode of action for many years, the number and population of weed species resistant to herbicides have increased rapidly. So integrated weed control is the only method and an important solution in managing these weeds that should be developed according to the countries' production systems. Echiochloa crus-galli (Barnyardgrass) is one of the earliest resistant weeds adapted to rice production areas. For effective weed management; it aimed to determine the interaction between the cultivation method, water management and rice varieties (Osmancık, Gönen, Koral). The trials were carried out in Turkiye's Marmara and Black Sea Regions. Experiments were carried out with four replications. The water level (especially the high water level) not only had a highly suppressive effect against weeds but also helped to increase the growth and yield of the rice. The deep and medium water levels increased the rice's tillering number and dry weight. The obtained data revealed that better rice growth and high yield can be achieved by maintaining the water level in rice cultivation areas. The development of competitive and local rice varieties is seen as a viable approach in an integrated herbicide-resistant weed control program.

Keywords:

Echinochloa crus-galli, Cultural Control, Rice, Integrated Management,

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