Destekleme politikalarının Türkiye'deki tarımsal etkinlik ve toplam faktör verimliliğine etkileri

Tarım sektöründe üretim faktörlerinin verimli ve etkin kullanımı, artan nüfusun gıda talebinin karşılanması, çiftçilerin hayat standartlarının yükseltilmesi ve tarımsal kalkınmanın gerçekleştirilmesi için çok büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, destekleme politikalarının Türkiye’nin 1980-2009 dönemindeki tarımsal etkinliği ve toplam faktör verimliliğine etkilerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Destekleme politikalarının piyasayla uyumlu olduğu 2000 sonrası dönemde kaynaklar, önceki döneme göre daha etkin kullanılmıştır. Tarım sektörünün 2000’li yıllardaki toplam faktör verimliliği 1980’li yıllara göre %3,6 azalmasına rağmen, 1990’lı yıllara göre %27 artmış ve verimlilikteki artış tamamen teknolojik gelişmeden kaynaklanmıştır. Tarım sektörünün ekinliği ve verimliliğinin artırılabilmesi için tarım sektöründe yeni teknolojilere uyum sağlama ile birlikte rekabet koşullarının iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Impacts of the support policies on agricultural efficiency and total factor productivity in Turkey

Productive and efficient use of the production factors in the agricultural sector is very essential in order to meet the food demand of increasing population, to raise life standards of farmers and to realize agricultural development. The aim of this research is to explore the effects of support policies on the efficiency and the total factor productivity (TFP) of Turkish agriculture during the period of 1980-2009. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Index were used to analyze the efficiency of resource utilization and TFP. After the period of 2000 in which the support policies mainly compatible with market mechanism, the resources were used more efficient than the previous period. Although TFP of agricultural sector in 2000’s decreased by 3,6% compared to 1980’s, it increased by 27% with respect to 1990’s and the increase in productivity was entirely arised from the technological change. In order to enhance the technical efficiency and TFP in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to adapt new technologies which are accompanied by improving the competition conditions in the agricultural markets.

Keywords:

Agricultural support policy, Data envelopment analysis, Malmquist index Total factor productivity, Turkey,

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