Prenatal attachment, anxiety and depression in pregnant adolescents and the emotional availability of their parents

Objective: Adolescent pregnancy is a common sociological problem in undeveloped and developing countries. Anadolescent is not able to reach neither physical nor psychosocial maturity regarding marriage, founding a family and having a child. For this reason, not only girls but also their children born are exposed to many negative consequences as a result of adolescent pregnancies. This study aimed to investigate the prenatal attachment and theanxiety/depression levels of pregnant adolescents. We also examined the emotional availability of their parents.Methods: Fifty-five pregnant adolescents and 61 non-pregnant adolescents were included. Prenatal AttachmentInventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Lum Emotional Availability of Parents were filled out by theparticipants. Results: The education of pregnant adolescents ends earlier than control group. The mothers' age of marriage and age of having the first child in the case group were lower (p

Ergen gebelerin prenatal bağlanmaları, anksiyete/depresyon düzeyleri ile anne-babalarının duygusal erişilebilirliği

Amaç: Ergen gebelik, gelişmemiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaygın bir toplumsal sorundur. Bir ergen evlilik, aile kurmak ve çocuk sahibi olmak için ne fiziksel, ne de ruhsal-toplumsal olgunluğa erişemez. Bu nedenle, sadece kız çocukları değil aynı zamanda ergen gebelik sonucunda doğan çocuklar da birçok olumsuzluklara maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada gebe ergenlerin prenatal bağlanmaları ile anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Ayrıca bu ergenlerin anne-babalarının duygusal erişilebilirliklerini de inceledik. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 55 gebe ergen ve 61 gebe olmayan ergen alındı. Katılımcılar tarafından Prenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği, Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADÖ) ve Ebeveynin Duygusal Erişilebilirliği Ölçeği (EDEÖ) dolduruldu. Bulgular: Ergen gebelerin eğitim düzeyi kontrol grubuna göre daha düşüktü. Olgu grubunda ergenlerin annelerinin evlilik yaşı ve ilk çocuğa sahip olma yaşı daha düşüktü (p

___

1. World Health Organization (WHO). Adolescent pregnancy fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/ en/. Date of access, May 2018.

2. Chandra-Mouli V, Camacho AV, Michaud PA. WHO guidelines on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in developing countries. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52: 517-522.

3. Kirbas A, Gulerman HC, Daglar K. Pregnancy in adolescence: is it an obstetrical risk? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29:367-371.

4. Figueiredo B, Pacheco A, Magarinho R. Adolescent and adult pregnant women: different risk circumstances? Acta Med Port 2005;18:97-105.

5. Coley RL, Chase-Lansdale PL. Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. Recent evidence and future directions. Am Psychol 1998; 53:152-166.

6. Turkish Statistical Institute. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/sorguSa yfa.do?target=degisken. Retrieved September 5, 2017.

7. Yüksel H, Yüksel M. The realitiy of child bride in Turkey within the framework of child neglect and abuse. Journal of Institute of Social Sciences of Cankırı Karatekin University 2014; 5:1-24.

8. Pisoni C, Garofoli F, Tzialla C, Orcesi S, Spinillo A, Politi P, et al. Risk and protective factors in maternal-fetal attachment development. Early Hum Dev 2014; 90(Suppl.2):45-46.

9. Rossen L, Hutchinson D, Wilson J, Burns L, A Olsson C, Allsop S, et al. Predictors of postnatal mother-infant bonding: the role of antenatal bonding, maternal substance use and mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:609- 622.

10. Dubber S, Reck C, Muller M, Gawlik S. Postpartum bonding: the role of perinatal depression, anxiety and maternal-fetal bonding during pregnancy. Arch Womens Ment Health 2015; 18:187- 195.

11. Lindgren K. Relationships among maternal-fetal attachment, prenatal depression, and health practices in pregnancy. Res Nurs Health 2001; 24:203-217.

12. Reid V, Meadows-Oliver M. Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers: an integrative review of the literature. J Pediatr Health Care 2007; 21:289-298.

13. Müller ME, Mercer RT. Development of a prenatal attachment inventory. West J Nurs Res 1993; 15:199-215.

14. Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Turkish version of prenatal attachment inventory: a study of reliabil ity and validity. J Anatol Nurs Health Science 2013; 16:103-109.

15. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67:361-370.

16. Erkan MC. Assesment of Validity and Reliability of Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale in Adolescent. Unpublished Thesis, İzmir Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, 2015.

17. Lum JJ, Phares V. Assessing the emotional availability of parents. J Psychopathol Behav 2005; 27:211-226.

18. Gokce G. Ebeveynin Duygusal Erişilebilirliği ve Genel Psikolojik Sağlık: Duygu Düzenleme, Kişilerarası İlişki Tarzı ve Sosyal Desteğin Rolü. Unpublished Master Thesis, Ankara University Graduate School of Social Sciences, 2013.

19. Gama SG, Szwarcwald CL, Leal Md Mdo C. Pregnancy in adolescence, associated factors, and perinatal results among low-income post-partum women. Cad Saude Publica 2002; 18:153-161.

20. Faisal-Cury A, Tabb KM, Niciunova G, Cunningham C, Menezes PR, Huang H. Lower education among low-income Brazilian adolescent females is associated with planned pregnancies. Int J Womens Health 2017; 9:43-48.

21. Bittles AH. The role and significance of consanguinity as a demographic variable. Popul Dev Rev 1994; 20:561-584.

22. Mihciokur S, Akın A. Child aged, forced marriages and adolescent pregnancies. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Public Health-Special Topics 2015; 1:22-31.

23. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNAT), The Committee on Equality of Opportunity for Women and Men “Report of the Sub-Commission on Investigation of Early Marriage”, 2010. Retrieved from (http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/kefe/docs/kom isyon_rapor.pdf), Date of acsess May 2018.

24. Dagne HG. Early marriage in northern Ethiopia. Reprod Health Matter 1994; 2:35-38.

25. Figueiredo B, Pacheco A, Costa R. Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period in adolescent and adult Portuguese mothers. Arch Womens Ment Health 2007; 10:103-109.

26. Lanzi RG, Bert SC, Jacobs BK, Centers for the Prevention of Child Neglect. Depression among a sample of first-time adolescent and adult mothers. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 2009; 22:194-202.

27. Troutman BR, Cutrona CE. Nonpsychotic postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. J Abnorm Psychol 1990; 99:69-78.

28. Freitas GV, Cais CF, Stefanello S, Botega NJ. Psychosocial conditions and suicidal behavior in pregnant teenagers: a case-control study in Brazil. Eu Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 17:336-342.

29. Deal LW, Holt VL. Young maternal age and depressive symptoms: results from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Am J Public Health 1998; 88:266-270.

30. Hudson DB, Elek SM, Campbell-Grossman C. Depression, self-esteem, loneliness, and social support among adolescent mothers participating in the new parents project. Adolescence 2000; 35:445-453.

31. Biringen Z. Emotional availability: conceptualization and research findings. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2000; 70:104-114.

32. Easterbrooks MA, Biringen Z. Guest editors' introduction to the special issue: mapping the terrain of emotional availability and attachment. Attach Hum Dev 2000; 2:123-129.

33. Condon JT, Corkindale C. The correlates of antenatal attachment in pregnant women. Br J Med Psychol 1997; 70:359-372.

34. Nicol-Harper R, Harvey AG, Stein A. Interactions between mothers and infants: impact of maternal anxiety. Infant Behav Dev 2007; 30:161-167.

35. Hart R, McMahon CA. Mood state and psychological adjustment to pregnancy. Arch Womens Ment Health 2006; 9:329-337.

36. Hopkins J, Miller JL, Butler K, Gibson L, Hedrick L, Boyle DA. The relation between social support, anxiety and distress symptoms and maternal fetal attachment. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2018; 36:381-392.

37. Feeney JA. Adult attachment, involvement in infant care, and adjustment to the new parenthood. J Syst Ther 2003; 22:16-30.

38. Tani F, Castagna V, Ponti L. Women who had positive relationships with their own mothers reported good attachments to their first child before and after birth. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:633-637.

39. Bowlby J. A Secure Base. Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1998.

40. Jones JD, Cassidy J, Shaver PR. Parents' selfreported attachment styles: a review of links with parenting behaviors, emotions, and cognitions. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 2015; 19:44-76.

41. Kjeldgaard HK, Eberhard-Gran M, Benth JS, Nordeng H, Vikanes AV. History of depression and risk of hyperemesis gravidarum: a populationbased cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:397-404.

42. Bai G, Korfage IJ, Groen EH, Jaddoe VW, Mautner E, Raat H. Associations between nausea, vomiting, fatigue and health-related quality of life of women in early pregnancy: The generation R Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:p e0166133.

43. Tan PC, Vani S, Lim BK, Omar SZ. Anxiety and depression in hyperemesis gravidarum: prevalence, risk factors and correlation with clinical severity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 149:153-158.

44. Cinar N, Caka SY, Topal S, Yuvaci HU, Erkorkmaz U. The relation of health-related practices of pregnant women, fatigue and prenatal attachment. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2017; 27:693-698.
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1302-6631
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2000
  • Yayıncı: -
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Meme kanseri hastalarında psikodrama gruplarının özşefkat ve distres üzerine etkisi

Derya İren AKBIYIK, Berna ARAPASLAN, Yıldız YARDIMCI

The efficiency and safety of N-acetylcysteine augmentation in the autistic children with severe irritability and aggression: six cases

Arif ÖNDER, Aslı ADANIR SÜRER, Özge GİZLİ ÇOBAN, Öznur BİLAÇ, Aziz KARA

Lise öğrencilerinde nomofobinin ve ilişkili etkenlerin değerlendirilmes

Berk EREN, Zehra Nur KILIÇ, Selim Enes GÜNAL, Muhammed Fatih KIRCALI, Batın Berkay ÖZNACAR, Ahmet TOPUZOĞLU

Hindistan'da üniversite öğrencileri arasında yaygınlık, öngörücüler, internet bağımlılığının psikolojik bağıntıları: Kapsamlı bir çalışma

Shilpa Suresh BISEN, Yogesh DESHPANDE

Erişkin dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğunda zihin kuramı, dürtüsellik ve bilişsel işlevler arasındaki ilişki

Vural Taner YILMAZ, Hakan KARAŞ, Devran TAN

Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal ağ kullanımı ve uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkisinin araştırılması

İbrahim GÜNDOĞMUŞ, Ayşegül TAŞDELEN KUL, Deniz Adnan ÇOBAN

Theory of mind deficit in adolescents with major depressive disorder

Şenay KILINÇEL, Ayşe Pınar VURAL, Oğuzhan KILINÇEL

Prenatal attachment, anxiety and depression in pregnant adolescents and the emotional availability of their parents

Damla EYÜBOĞLU, Murat Gün EYÜBOĞLU

Atomoxetine-induced urinary retention: a case report

Bahadır TURAN, Onur Burak DURSUN, İbrahim Selçuk ESİN, Şaban Oğuz DEMİRDÖĞEN

KKTC riskli bölgelerde psikoaktif madde kullanım profili ve risk etkenleri: KKTC dört bölge örneklemi

Ayhan ÇAKICI EŞ, Mehmet Çağlar ÇAKICI, Cansın İSKENDER, Zeynep KIZILGÜL