KKTC’de kumar yaygınlığı, risk etkenleri ve kültür tutumları ile ilişkisi: 2007-2014
Amaç: Kumar bağımlılığının yaygınlaşmasının nedenlerini anlamaya yönelik çalışmalar dünyada son yıllarda hız kazanmış ve sosyokültürel nedenler ile akültürasyonun etkileri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada 2014 yılında yapılan KKTC’de kumar davranışı yaygınlığı sonuçları 2007 ve 2012 verileri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konmak- ta ve akültürasyon ile problem ve patolojik kumar oynama arasındaki ilişki irdelenmektedir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmanın evreni KKTC’de yaşayan, 18-65 yaş arasında, Türkçe konuşan bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Yaş, cinsiyet, şehir/köy ve coğrafi bölge nüfus kotaları göz önüne alınarak, çok tabakalı rastgele örneklem yöntemiyle 958 kişilik örneklem belirlenmiştir. Veriler Mayıs 2014 tarihinde toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırla- nan anket ile South Oaks Kumar Tarama Testi (SOKTT) ve Kültürlenme Tutumları Ölçeğinin (KTÖ) Türkçe formları kullanılmıştır. Yaygınlık verileri benzer yöntemle yapılan ve aynı anket formunun kullanıldığı 2007 (1012 kişi) ve 2012 (996 kişi) yıllarında yapılmış araştırmalarla karşılaştırılarak verilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %70.6’sı anket formunda sorulan 17 çeşit kumar aktivitesinden bir veya fazlasına yaşamları boyunca en az bir kez katılmışlardı. SOKTT sonuçlarına göre KKTC’de 2007’de %2.2 ve 2012’de %3.5 olan kumar bağımlılarının (SOKTT 8 ve üzeri) oranı %3.8 düzeyine yükselmiştir. Kumar problemi (SOKTT puanı 3-7) oranı 2007’de %9.2, 2012’de %9.7 ve 2014’- te %9.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Kumar davranışı için risk etkenleri erkek olmak, 18-29 yaş aralığında olmak, bekar olmak, yalnız yaşamak ve beş yıldan az evli olmak olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışma verileri KKTC’de kumar oynama davranışının yaygın olduğunu ve kumar bağımlılığının giderek yükseldiğini göstermektedir. Kumar bağımlı- lığındaki yüksek oranlar KKTC’de olduğu gibi her toplumun kendine özgü toplumsal yapısında değerlendirilse de, kültürsüzleşmenin kumar bağımlılığının artmasında etkin bir etken olduğu görülmektedir. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2019; 20(4):395-403)
Prevalence of gambling behavior, risk factors and relations with cultural attitudes in TRNC: 2007-2014
Objective: In this study, the prevalence of gambling behaviors among the TRNC in 2014 is compared with the data of 2007, 2012 and the relationship between acculturation and problem and pathological gambling is examined. Methods: The population of the study consists individuals 18-65 years of age living in TRNC. Nine hundred and fifty-eight people were consequently selected according to gender, age and geographical region with a multi-stage stratified quota. Data was collected in May and June 2014. For the collection of the data, a demographic question- naire, the Turkish version of the Revised South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Turkish version of Culture Attitude Scale (CAS) were used. The prevalence data were compared with the research done by the same re- searchers in 2007 (n=1012) and 2012 (n=996), which were conducted by same method and questionnaire. Results: According to SOGS scores, the rate of gambling addiction (SOGS≥8) in the TRNC was 2.2% in 2007 and 3.5% in 2012 and rose to 3.8% in the present study. Moreover the rate of problem gambling (SOGS=3-7) was 9.2% in 2007, 9.7% in 2012 and in the present study 9.5%. When the risk factors for gambling behavior are examined, to be a male, to be in the age range of 18-29, to be single, to live alone, and to marry less than 5 years are found as the risk factors for gambling. Conclusion: The study shows that gambling behavior is widespread in the TRNC and gambling addiction is increasingly rapidly. High rates of gambling addiction, should be assessed in its own social structure for each community as in the TRNC and it should be taken into consideration that acculturation is an effective factor in increasing gambling dependency. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2019; 20(4):395-403)
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