Ünal HÜLÜR, Oya DİRİCAN, Özge ABACI BOZYEL, Dilek ÖZTAŞ

Birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarında mobbing

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile, toplum odaklı sağlık eğitimi programlarının ana unsurları olan birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarının mobbingle karşılaşma durumlarının, mobbingin ortaya çıkışı ile ilişkili etkenlerin, mobbingle mücadele etme ve mobbing sürecinin yarattığı sonuçların tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, resmi izinleri ve etik kurul kararı alındıktan sonra, Antalya’da birinci basamak sağlık birimlerinde çalışanlar ile yapılmıştır. 2017 yılında, kesitsel bir çalışma olarak planlanmış ve 752 birinci basamak çalışanına anket formu uygulanarak yürütülmüştür. Tüm birinci basamak çalışanlarından eğitime katılmayan 64 kişi (%7.8) çalışmaya alınmamıştır. Kişiler çalışmanın amacı konusunda bilgilendirildikten sonra, doldurması yaklaşık 30 dakika süren 21 soruluk anket formu kendilerine verilmiştir. Kişilere yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim ve çalışma geçmişleri, mobbingin herhangi bir çeşidini bilme ve uğrama durumları, varsa taciz süresi ile tacizcinin pozisyonu, cinsiyeti sorulmuş olup yanıtlar tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiş ve ki-kare önemlilik testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızda birinci basamak çalışan- ları arasında mobbinge uğrama oranı %30.4 olarak saptanmış, katılımcıların %72.2’si (543) ‘mobbing’ veya ‘psikolo- jik taciz’ kavramlarını önceden duyduklarını belirtmiştir. Mobbinge uğrama oranı kadınlarda ve ebe-hemşire grubun- da daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışma, her meslek grubunun faillerinin kendilerinin yöneticisi pozisyonundakiler olduğunu, iki cinsiyette de 36-45 yaş grubunun daha çok mağdur olduğunu, mobbing ile başa çıkma için en çok başvurulan yöntemin tacizci ve mağdur arasındaki iletişimin kesilmesi olduğunu, mağdurların en yaygın tepkilerinin durumu arkadaşları ile paylaşma şeklinde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada aynı zamanda, mobbinge uğrama süresinin doktorlarda 9-12 ay, ebe-hemşire grubunda ise 19 ay ve daha fazla sürdüğü saptanmıştır. Tartış- ma: Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçların, literatürde sıklıkla belirtilen sonuçlara paralellik gösterdiği gözlenmiş olup bu alanda daha çok çalışma ve hizmet içi eğitim yapılarak kişilerde farkındalık oluşturulması ve doğru tepki davra- nışları oluşturulmasına katkı sağlanabilir. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2019; 2020; 21(1):5-13)

Mobbing in the case of primary health care providers

Objective: Primary healthcare workers are the main drivers of the population-oriented health education programs.In this work, we aim to offer an account of the conditions that lead to mobbing in Primary Health Care Employees,and of the ways to address this problem and its consequences. Methods: This study has been conducted on themedical staff in primary health care units in the province of Antalya, with the permission of the Provincial HealthDirectorate and the approval of the ethics board of the Antalya Education and Research Hospital. It was plannedas a cross-sectional study; survey forms were filled out by 752 employees during an internal training for primaryhealth care in 2017. After informing the subjects regarding the aims of the study, we gave them a survey of 21questions. The average time for the individuals to answer the questions was 30 minutes. The survey was designedto ask the individuals their age, gender, educational background and occupation, whether they know of any case ofmobbing, whether they were subjected to mobbing themselves and for how long, the position and the gender of theperpetrator, and whether and how they addressed the issue. The answers of the participants were analyzed withdescriptive statistical analysis, the frequencies were determined and chi-square test was used. Results: 72.2%(543) of the participants declare that they heard the words ‘mobbing’ or ‘psychological harassment’ before. In ourstudy, the rate of exposure to mobbing was found to be 30.4% among primary care providers. We have found thatmobbing exposure was significantly higher among females and midwives and nurses. Our study reveals that inevery occupational group perpetrators are mostly in management positions, that 36-45 age group was the mostvictimized group by both genders, that the most common method in order to handle mobbing is the loss of commu-nication between the perpetrator and the victim and that the most common response to mobbing is to share it withfriends, and our study finds that the period of mobbing in the midwife-nurse group is mostly 19 months and more,while this period takes to 9-12 months in the case of doctors. Discussion: One of the most important steps in pre-venting mobbing is to take timely measures in organizations and to prevent the problem from harming the organi-zation and employees. Educating employees about emotional assault within their working environment is proposedas an important solution for them to protect themselves when they are subjected to harassment. (Anatolian Journalof Psychiatry 2020; 21(1):5-13)

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