Orman ağaçlarında depolanan karbon miktarının konumsal ve zamansal değişiminin analiz edilmesi: Alara planlama birimi örneği

Orman ekosistemleri topluma ve çevreye çeşitli ürün ve hizmetler sunan önemli doğal kaynaklarından bir tanesidir. Karbon depolama önemli bir orman fonksiyonu olup, günümüzde en önemli küresel ve ekolojik endişelerden biri olan iklim değişikliğini önleme ve kontrol etme açısından, orman ekosistemleri önemli bir rol ve görev üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle, Türkiye’nin güneyinde yer alan Alara Orman Planlama Biriminin, 1997-2018 yılları arası arazi kullanım değişimi ile orman yapı ve kuruluşunda meydana gelen konumsal ve zamansal değişimi analiz edilmiştir. Daha sonra orman ekosisteminde meydana gelen değişimin orman biyokütlesinde depolanan karbon miktarı üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda planlama biriminde 21 yıllık süreçte; orman alanı miktarında %2,3 azalma, boşluklu kapalı orman alanında %62 oranında azalma, yerleşim ve ziraat alanında %6,8 azalma ile normal kapalı orman alanı miktarında %15’lik bir artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Meşcere gelişim çağı ve kapalılık itibariyle orman yapısında önemli ve olumlu bir gelişimin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Orman yapı ve kuruluşundaki olumlu gelişmelere bağlı olarak, 2018 yılında 1997 yılına göre orman biyokütlesinde depolanan karbon miktarında %10’luk bir artış olduğu tahmin edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyokütle, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri, karbon depolama, orman yapı ve kuruluşu

Spatial and temporal analysis of the amount of carbon stored in forest trees: A case study in Alara forest planning unit

Forest ecosystems are one of the most important natural resources that provide various goods and services to the society. Carbon storage is an important forest function, and forest ecosystems play an important role in preventing and controlling climate change, which is one of the most important global and ecological concerns today. In this study, first of all, the spatial and temporal changes in the forest structure and composition with the land use change between 1997-2018 of the Alara Forest Planning Unit located in the south of Turkey were analyzed. Then, the effects of the change in the forest ecosystem structure and composition on the amount of carbon stored from the forest biomass were investigated. As a result of the study, in the planning unit in the 21-year period; it is found that there is a 2.3% decrease in the amount of forest area, a 62% decrease in the degraded forest area, a 6.8% decrease in the settlement and agricultural areas and a 15% increase in the productive forest area. It has been observed that there is an important and positive development in the forest structure in terms of stand development stage and canopy closure. Depending on the positive developments in forest structure and composition, it was estimated that there was a 10% increase in the amount of carbon stored in forest biomass in 2018 compared to 1997.

Keywords:

Biomass, geographical information systems, carbon storage, forest structure and composition,

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