Gebelerin Mevsimsel İnfluenza Aşısı ile İlgili Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları

Amaç: Gebelikte influenza enfeksiyonu, daha yüksek morbidite/mortalite ve de maternal, fetal ve ne- onatal risklerde artışla seyretmektedir. İnfluenzayı önlemede en etkili strateji aşılamadır. Bu çalışmada bir grup gebenin mevsimsel influenza aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendirmek amaç- lanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız bir kesitsel anket çalışması olarak, Ocak 2019—Temmuz 2019 dö- neminde kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğimize başvuran birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü trimesterdeki erişkin gebelerle gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından ilgili literatür incelenerek, 17 sorudan oluşan bir anket hazırlandı ve ardından yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla uygulandı. Anketteki sorularla katılımcıların obstetrik, demografik ve sosyoekonomik özellikleri, gebelikte influenza aşısı olma öyküsü ve de gebe- likte influenza aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışları sorgulandı. Bulgular: Çalışma toplam 227 gebe içerdi. İnfluenza aşısının gebelikte güvenli olduğunu düşünenler çoğunlukla üniversite mezunu katılımcılardı. Yalnızca 19 (%8,3) katılımcı gebeyken influenza aşısı yap- tırdığını belirtti. Katılımcıların aşılanmama gerekçeleri sorgulandığında, başlıca (%71,7) gerekçe “aşının bebeğe yan etki oluşturması endişesi” iken bunu “aşının gereksiz ve gebelerde yeterince denenmemiş olması” (%8,3) izledi. Gebelikte influenza aşısı yaptıran katılımcılar aşı yaptırmaları gerektiğini çoğun- lukla (%80) aile hekiminden öğrenmişti. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamızda katılımcılarımızın genel olarak influenza aşısı hakkında yeterince bil- gi sahibi olmadığı ve sağlık çalışanlarının, özellikle de hekimlerin aşıyı yeterince önermediği görülmüş- tür. Aile hekimleri ile kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanlarının rutin takiplerde influenza aşısını öner- meleri, yüksek risk gruplarından olan gebe kadınların bilgilendirilmesinde büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Seasonal Influenza Vaccination-related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Pregnant Women

Aim: In pregnancy, influenza infection is associated with higher morbidity/mortality and an increase in maternal, fetal, and neonatal risks. Vaccination is the most effective strategy in the prevention of influenza. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the seasonal influenza vaccination-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of a group of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey study and included adult pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters who visited our outpatient obstetric clinic between January and July 2019. Based on the literature review performed, a 17-item questionnaire was pre- pared by the researchers, which was then administered by face-to-face interview. The questionnaire inquired about the participants’ obstetric, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, history of influenza vaccination during pregnancy, and knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in the context of influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Results: The study included a total of 227 pregnant women. Those who thought that influenza vac- cines were safe during pregnancy were mostly university graduates. Only 19 (8.3%) reported having an influenza vaccination while they were pregnant. When the participants’ reasons for not being vac- cinated were inquired, the main (71%) reason was “concern about the vaccine’s adverse effects on babies”, followed by “the vaccine being unnecessary and not adequately tested in pregnant women” (8.3%). Most (80%) of the participants who had an influenza vaccination during pregnancy received the information that they should be vaccinated from their family doctors. Discussion and Conclusion: We found that our participants’ knowledge about the influenza vaccine was generally insufficient, and that influenza vaccination was not adequately promoted by health-care workers, particularly physicians. Recommendations by family doctors, gynecologists, and obstetri- cians for influenza vaccination during routine follow-up visits play a central role in the information of pregnant women as a high-risk group.

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