Sık Dikim Elma Bahçelerinde Ürün Yükünün Ağaç Beslenmesine Etkisi Üzerine Ön Çalışma

Elma endüstrisinde ürün yükü yönetimine olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Nitekim ürün yükü yönetimi özellikle periyodisiteyi hafifletmek ve meyve kalitesini arttırmak açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bununla birlikte ağaç beslenmesi de ürün yükü yönetiminden etkilenmektedir. Bu ön çalışmada (i) ürün yükü ve yaprak besin elementleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkartmak, (ii) dormant dönemde alınan budama artıklarının (odun doku) besin elementi içeriklerini belirlemek ve böylelikle ürün yükünün odun dokusunda depolanan besin elementleri üzerine olan etkisini saptamak ve (iii) yaprak ile odun doku örneklerinin besin elementi içerikleri arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Deneme 2021 yılında Göller Yöresinde (Bayındır Köyü/Yeşilova/Burdur) bulunan Royal Gala/M.9 ağaçlarından oluşan sık dikim bir elma bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Farklı ürün yüklerini temsil eden toplamda 18 ağaç belirlenerek etiketlenmiş, yaprak analizi, verim ve odun doku analiz örnekleri/verileri aynı ağaçlardan toplanmıştır. Çalışmada ürün yükü arttıkça yaprak-potasyum içeriğinin önemli derecede azaldığı, buna karşın yaprak-kalsiyum ve yaprak-manganez içeriklerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Yaprak ve odun dokularında bulunan kalsiyumun pozitif bir korelasyon (0,5418) gösterdiği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Makro besin elementleri, Mikro besin elementleri, Malus x domestica, meyve yükü

Preliminary Study on Effect of Crop Load on Tree Nutrition in Intensive Apple Orchards

There is increasing interest in crop load management in the apple industry. Indeed, crop load management is essential, especially in reducing biennial bearing and increasing fruit quality. However, tree nutrition is affected by crop load management. This preliminary study aimed (i) to reveal the relationship between crop load and leaf nutrients, (ii) to determine the nutrient content of pruning residues (wood) taken during the dormant period and, thus, determine the effect of crop load on the nutrients stored in the wood tissue, and (iii) to determine whether there is a relationship between the nutrient content of leaf and wood samples. The trial was carried out in 2021 in an intensive apple orchard consisting of Royal Gala/M.9 trees in the Lakes Region (Bayindır/Yeşilova/Burdur). A total of 18 trees representing different crop loads were identified and labelled, and leaf analysis, yield and wood analysis samples/data were collected from the same trees. The study determined that leaf-potassium content decreased significantly as the crop load increased, whereas leaf-calcium and leaf-manganese contents increased. Calcium found in leaf and wood tissues showed a positive correlation (0.5418).

Keywords:

Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Malus X domestica, fruit load,

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