Bitkilerde vesiküler-arbusküler mikorrhiza oluşumunun bitki besleme ve bitki korumadaki önemi

Bitki kökleri ile toprak fungusları arasındaki yaygın ortak yaşamın bir türü vesiküler-arbusküler mikorrhiza (VAM) olarak anılmakta ve bu konuda çeşitli ülkelerde yoğun çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu yoğun ilgi başlıca iki nedene dayanmaktadır. - Fungal partner, bitkinin yararlanamayacağı, çözünürlüğü az veya yetersiz durumdaki besin elementlerini özellikle fosforu absorbe etmekte ve bitkiye kazandırmaktadır. - Fungal partner, başka yollarla kontrolü güç olan toprak fungusları ve nematodlara karşı konukçunun dayanıklılığım artırmaktadır. Yine karşıt bir durumda, daha iyi beslenen mikorrhizal bitki, zayıf gelişen mikorrhizasız bitkiye nazaran obligatpatojenlere karşı daha duyarlı olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede mikorrhiza üzerinde genel bir bilgi verildikten sonra kültür bitkilerinde VAM oluşumu özetlenmiş ve VAM'in olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri göz önünde tutularak bitki besleme ve bitki koruma alanlarında yapılan çalışmalar değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

mikoriza, veziküler arbüsküler mikoriza, bitki hastalıkları, bitki beslenmesi, bitki koruma, mikorizal mantar

Formation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in plants and its importance on plant nutrition and plant protection

A wide range of plants have a symbiotic association with certain soil fungi located on and in their roots which are called "Mycorrhizae". A special form of this symbiosis is vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) on which intensive studies are being made in many countries. With this symbiotic association; - The nutrients, especially phosphorus, which are not available to host plant due to low solubility or insufficiency can be absorbed by the fungal partner and can be given to host allowing a better growth of it with higher yield performance. The fungal partner can induce resistance of the host plant against certain soil-borne plant pathogens and nematodes which can not be controlled easily. In opposite the better developed mycorrhizal plant could be more susceptible to obligate pathogens than the poorly grown nonmycorrhizal plant. In this review, after the general information given on the mikorrhiza, formation of YAM on the culture plants was summarized and attempted to evaluate some of the studies which are being made on the plant nutrition and plant protection by taking into consideration possitive and negative properties of VAM.

Keywords:

mycorrhizas, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas, plant diseases, plant nutrition, plant protection, mycorrhizal fungi,

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