Rotor design optimization of a synchronous generator by considering the damper winding effect to minimize THD using grasshopper optimization algorithm

The aim of this study is to calculate the optimum factor levels for the design parameters namely slot pitch, center slot pitch, and damper width to keep the magnetic flux density distribution in a desired range while minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD). For this purpose, the numerical simulations are performed in the Maxwell environment. Then by the aid of regression modeling over this simulation results; the mathematical equations between the responses (THD and magnetic flux density distribution) and the factors are calculated. After the modeling phase, grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is run through these regression equations to determine the optimum values of the rotor design parameters (factors). The confirmations are also performed in the Maxwell environment and the result indicated that the THD is minimized and the magnetic flux density distribution on the teeth is kept in a desired range.

PDF

___

[1] De La Rosa, F. (2006). Harmonics and Power Systems. Taylor & Francis, Hazelwood, Missouri, USA.
[2] Arrillaga, J., & Watson, N.R. (2003). Power System Harmonics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, USA.
[3] Bakshi, U.A., & Godse, A.P. (2008). Electronic Circuits and Applications (3rd ed.). Technical Publications Pune, Pune, India.
[4] Matsuki, J., Katagi, T., & Okada, T. (1992). Effect of slot ripples on damper windings of synchronous machines. Proc. of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2, 864-865, Xian, China.
[5] Matsuki, J., Katagi, T., & Okada, T. (1994). Damper windings phenomena of synchronous machines during system oscillations. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 9(2), 376-382.
[6] Vetter, W., & Reichert, K. (1994). Determination of damper winding and rotor iron currents in convertor and line-fed synchronous machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 9(4), 709-716.
[7] Knight, A.M., Karmaker, H., & Weeber, K. (2002). Use of a permeance model to predict force harmonic components and damper winding effects in salient-pole synchronous machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 17(4), 478- 484.
[8] Arjona, M.A. (2004). Parameter calculation of a turbogenerator during an open-circuit transient excitation. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 19(1), 46-52.
[9] Lundstrom, L., Gustavsson, R., Aidanpaa, J.O., Dahlback, N., & Leijon, M. (2007). Influence on the stability of generator rotors due to radial and tangential magnetic pull force. IET Electric Power Applications, 1(1), 1-8.
[10] Kinnunen, J.A., Pyrhonen, J., Niemela, M., Liukkonen, O., & Kurronen, P. (2007). Design of damper windings for permanent magnet synchronous machines. International Review of Electrical Engıneering-IREE, 2(2), 260-272.
[11] Despalatovic, M., Jadric, M., & Terzic, B. (2009). Influence of saturation on on-line estimation of synchronous generator parameters. Automatika, 50(3-4), 152-166.
[12] Rahimian, M.M., & Butler-Purry, K. (2009). Modeling of synchronous machines with damper windings for condition monitoring. 2009 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 577-584, Miami, FL.
[13] Traxler-Samek, G., Lugand, T., & Schwery, A. (2010). Additional losses in the damper winding of large hydrogenerators at open-circuit and load conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(1), 154-160.
[14] Zarko, D., Ban, D., Vazdar, I., & Jaric, V. (2012). Calculation of Unbalanced Magnetic Pull in a Salient-Pole Synchronous Generator Using Finite- Element Method and Measured Shaft Orbit. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(6), 2536-2549.
[15] Matsuki, J., Taoka, H., Hayashi, Y., Iwamoto, S., & Daikoku, A. (2014). Improvement of three-phase unbalance due to connection of dispersed generator by damper windings of synchronous generator. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 186(1), 43-50.
[16] Wallin, M., Bladh, J., & Lundin, U. (2013). Damper winding influence on unbalanced magnetic pull in salient pole generators with rotor eccentricity. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 49(9), 5158-5165.
[17] Nuzzo, S., Degano, M., Galea, M., Gerada, C., Gerada, D., & Brown, N. (2017). Improved damper cage design for salient-pole synchronous generators. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 64(3), 1958-1970.
[18] Qiu, H., Fan, X., Feng, J., & Yang, C. (2018). Influence factors to affect eddy current loss of damper winding in 24 MW bulb tubular turbine generator. COMPEL-The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 37(1), 375-385.
[19] Elez, A., PetriniC, M., PetriniC, M., Vaseghi, B., & Abasian, A. (2018). Salient pole synchronous generator optimization by combined application of slot skew and damper winding pitch methods. Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, 73, 81- 90.
[20] Mandrile, F., Carpaneto, E., & Bojoi, R. (2019). Virtual synchronous generator with simplified single-axis damper winding. 28th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (IEEE-ISIE), Vancouver, Canada, Jun. 12-14.
[21] Nuzzo, S., Bolognesi, P., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2019). Simplified damper cage circuital model and fast analytical-numerical approach for the analysis of synchronous generators. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 66(11), 8361-8371.
[22] Vanco, W.E., Silva, F.B., de Oliveira, J.M.M., & Monteiro, J.R.B.A. (2020). Effects of harmonic pollution on salient pole synchronous generators and on induction generators operating in parallel in isolated systems. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 30(6), Article Number: e12359.
[23] Perin, D., Karaoglan, A.D., & Yilmaz, K. (2021). Using grey wolf optimizer to minimize voltage total harmonic distortion of a salient-pole synchronous generator. Scientia Iranica. DOI: 10.24200/SCI.2021.57657.5349 (Inpress).
[24] Sayyah, A., Aflaki, M., & Rezazade, A.R. (2006). Optimization of THD and suppressing certain order harmonies in PWM inverters using genetic algorithms. IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, Munich, Germany, Oct. 4-6.
[25] De Almeida, A.M.F., Pamplona, F.M.P, Braz, H.D.M., da Silva, J.A.C.B., & Barros, L.S. (2014) Multiobjective optimization for volt/THD problem in distribution system. 6th World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), Porto, Portugal, Jul 30-Aug 01.
[26] Pradigta, S.R.L., Asrarul, Q.O., Arief, Z., & Windarko, N.A. (2017). Reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) on multilevel inverter with modified PWM using genetic algorithm. Emitter-International Journal of Engineering Technology, 5(1), 91-118.
[27] Rodriguez, J.L.D., Fernandez, L.D.P., & Penaranda, E.A.C. (2017). Multiobjective genetic algorithm to minimize the THD in cascaded multilevel converters with V/F control. 4th Workshop on Engineering Applications (WEA), Univ Tecnologica Bolivar, Cartagena, COLOMBIA, Sep. 27-29.
[28] Fernandez, L.D.P., Rodriguez, J.L.D., & Penaranda, E.A.C. (2018). Optimization of the THD and the RMS voltage of a cascaded multilevel power converter. IEEE International Conference on Automation (ICA) / 23rd Congress of the Chilean- Association-of-Automatic-Control (ACCA), Concepcion, CHILE, Oct. 17-19.
[29] Fernandez, L.D.P., Rodriguez, J.L.D., & Penaranda, E.A.C. (2019). A multiobjective genetic algorithm for the optimization of the THD and the RMS output voltage in a multilevel converter with 17 levels of line voltage. IEEE Colombian Conference on Applications in Computational Intelligence (ColCACI), Barranquilla, Colombia, Jun 5-7.
[30] Booln, M.B., & Cheraghi, M. (2019). THD Minimization in a Five-Phase Five-Level VSI Using a Novel SVPWM Technique. 10th International Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran, Feb. 12-14.
[31] Alinejad-Beromi, Y., Sedighizadeh, M., & Sadighi, M. (2008). A particle swarm optimization for sitting and sizing of distributed generation in distribution network to improve voltage profile and reduce THD and losses. 43rd International- Universities-Power-Engineering Conference, Padova, Italy, Sep. 1-4.
[32] Gallardo, J.A.A., Rodriguez, J.L.D., & Garcia, A.P. (2013). THD optimization of a single phase cascaded multilevel converter using PSO technique. Workshop on Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications (PEPQA), Bogota, Colombia, Jul 6-7.
[33] Kanth, D.S.K., & Lalitha, M.P. (2014). Mitigation of real power loss, THD & enhancement of voltage profile with optimal DG allocation using PSO & sensitivity analysis. Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas -VMagnetics, Machines and Drives (AICERA/iCMMD), Kottayam, India, Jul. 24-26.
[34] Memon, M.A., Memon, S., & Khan, S. (2017). THD minimization from H-bridge cascaded multilevel inverter using particle swarm optimization technique,” Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 36(1), 33-38.
[35] Dhanalakshmi, M.A., Ganesh, M.P., & Paul, K. (2016). Analysis of optimum THD in asymmetrical H-bridge multilevel inverter using HPSO algorithm. 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Applications (ICICA), KCG Coll Technol, Chennai, India, Feb. 5-6.
[36] Francis, R., & Meganathan, D. (2018). An Improved ANFIS with Aid of ALO Technique for THD Minimization of Multilevel Inverters. Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers, 27(12), Article Number: 1850193.
[37] Khalid, S., & Verma, S. (2019). THD and compensation time analysis of three-phase shunt active power filter using adaptive mosquito blood search algorithm (AMBS). International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering (IJEOE), 8(1), 25-46.
[38] Saremi, S., Mirjalili, S., & Lewis, A. (2017). Grasshopper optimisation algorithm: theory and application. Advances in Engineering Software, 105, 30-47.
[39] Wolpert, D.H., & Macready, W.G. (1997). No free lunch theorems for optimization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1, 67– 82 .
[40] Mirjalili, S., Gandomi, A.H., Mirjalili, S.Z., Saremi, S., Faris, H., & Mirjalili, S.M. (2017). Salp Swarm Algorithm: A bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems, Salp Swarm Algorithm: A bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems. Advances in Engineering Software, 114, 163-191.
[41] Montgomery, D.C. (2013). Design and analysis of experiments (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA.
[42] Mason, R.L., Gunst, R.F., & Hess, J.L. (2003). Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA.
[43] Ileri, E., Karaoglan, A.D., & Akpinar, S. (2020). Optimizing cetane improver concentration in biodiesel-diesel blend via grey wolf optimizer algorithm. Fuel, 273, article number:117784.
[44] Karaoglan, A.D., Ocaktan, D.G., Oral, A., & Perin, D. (2020). Design Optimization of Magnetic Flux Distribution for PMG by Using Response Surface Methodology. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 56(6), 1-9, article number: 8200309.
[45] Mirjalili, S. (2020). Grasshopper optimisation algorithm [online]. Available from: http://www.alimirjalili.com. Accessed 01 June 2020.