Modern Anayasal Demokrasilerde Anayasanın Meşruiyeti: Schmitt ve Habermas’ın Kuramlarının Karşılaştırmalı İncelemesi

Bu çalışmada Schmitt ve Habermas’ın anayasa mefhumu ve anayasal meşruiyete dair görüşleri incelenmektedir. Schmitt ve Habermas geniş kapsamlı, birbirinden çok farklı (normatif ve realist) ve demokrasi kuramının neredeyse iki ayrı ucunda bulunan anayasa ve anayasal meşruiyet kavramsallaştırmaları sunmaktadır. Schmitt’in anayasa kuramı kitle temelli plebisiterliğin önünü açan unsurlar barındırmaktadır. Buna karşılık, Habermas’ın tartışımsal hukuk anlayışı katılımcı yöntemlerle belirlenen yasaların meşruiyetini ve anayasal demokratik kurumları ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Habermas ve Schmitt’in görüşleri günümüzün anayasal demokrasilerinde anayasanın meşruiyetine dair tartışmaları derinleştirmek ve anayasa yapıcıların ve toplumun farklı kesimlerinin konuya bakış açılarına ışık tutmak açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Constitutional Legitimacy in Modern Constitutional Democracies: Comparative Analysis of the Theories of Schmitt and Habermas

This study aims to expound on the considerations of Schmitt and Habermas on the notions of constitution and constitutional legitimacy. The figures provide us with two comprehensive and substantially different (realist and normative) conceptualizations of constitution and constitutional legitimacy, representing almost two opposite poles of theory of democracy. Schmitt’s constitutional theory paves the way for mass based plebiscitarianism. On the contrary, Habermas’s discursive understanding of law gives prominence to the legitimacy of laws determined through participatory methods and institutions of constitutional democracy. In this regard, their considerations are significant in order to deepen the debates about the legitimacy of a constitution and shed light on the perspectives of the authors of constitutions and different segments of society in contemporary constitutional democracies.

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