Geliştirilebilir yönetim becerisi: Teorik ve ampirik yönleriyle " politik yeti "

Bu makalede liderliğe ilişkin uluslararası yazında yer bulmuş ve son on yılda gelişme gösteren "Politik Yeti" kavramının ortaya çıkışı, yapısal özellikleri ve ilişkili süreçler ile örgütlere yansımaları ele alınmıştır. Veri temelini uluslararası yazında yer alan akademik makaleler ve kitapların oluşturduğu çalışma, içerik analizine dayanmaktadır. Bulgular, politik yeti kavramının örgüt üzerinde; işgören ya da yöneticinin kendisi, çalışma arkadaşları ve işletme içi grupları içine alacak şekilde etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, kavramsal yapı incelendiğinde, örtüşen yönlerine rağmen mizaç ve kişisel yeteneklerden ayrı, geliştirilmesi mümkün bir beceri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Türkçe yazında yeni tartışılmaya başlanan bir kavram olan politik yetinin, akademisyen ve uygulamacılara liderlik ve yönetim alanına ilişkin yeni perspektifler kazandırması beklenmektedir.

İmprovable managerial skill: " Political skill " with its theoretical and empirical aspects

This study discusses the emergence and structural characteristics of the concept of "Political Skill", which has assumed its place in international literature and has developed in the last decade. The study also attempts to explore its reflections on organizations and related processes. The study, which consists of data from international academic articles and books, is based on context analysis. The findings show that political skill has effects on organizations in such a way so as to encompass the employee or leader, himself, his peers and inter-organizational groups. Besides, when the conceptual structure is examined, it appears as an improvable skill distinct from dispositional and personal abilities, despite their overlapping aspects. The concept of Political Skill, which is recently being discussed in Turkish literature, is expected to provide academicians and professionals with a new perspective on leadership and management fields.

___

  • Ahearn, Kathleen K. - Ferris, Gerald R. - Hochwarter, Wayne A. - Douglas, Ceasar -Ammeter, Anthony P. (2004), "Leader Political Skill and Team Performance", Journal of Management, Vol. 30, p. 309-327.
  • Ammeter, Anthony. P. - Douglas, Ceasar - Gardner, William L. - Hochwarter, Wayne A. - Ferris, Gerald R. (2002), "Toward a Political Theory of Leadership", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 13, p. 751-796.
  • Atay, Salim (2009a), İş Yaşamında Politik Yeti, Namar Danışmanlık Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Atay, Salim (2009b), Politik Yeti Envanterinin Türkiye 'de Test Edilmesi, Genişletilmiş Bildiri Özeti: 17. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs, Eskişehir, s. 891-896.
  • Blass, Fred R. - Ferris, Gerald R. (2007), "Leader Reputation: The Roles of Mentoring, Political Skill, Contextual Learning, and Adaptation", Human Resource Management, Vol. 46, p. 5-19.
  • Douglas, Ceasar - Ammeter, Anthony P. (2004), "An Examination of Leader Political Skill and Its Effect on Ratings of Leader Effectiveness", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 15, p. 537-550.
  • Douglas, Ceasar - Ferris, Gerald R. - Perrewe, Pamela L. (2005), "Leader Political Skill and Authentic Leadership", In W. L. Gardner, B. J. Avolio, F. O. Walumbwa (Eds.), Authentic Leadership: Origins, Development and Effects, Vol. 3, Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science, p. 139-154.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Anthony, William P. - Kolodinsky, Robert W. - Gilmore, David C. -Harvey, Michael G. (2002), "Development of Political Skill", In C. Wankel & R. DeFillippi (Eds.), Research in Management Education and Development, Vol. 1: Rethinking Management Education for the 21st Century, Greenwich, CT: Information Age, p.3-25.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Blass, Fred R. - Douglas, Ceasar - Kolodinsky, Robert W. -Treadway, D. C. (2003), "Personal reputation in organizations", In J. Greenberg (Ed.), Organizational behavior: The state of the science (2nd ed.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, p.211-246.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Berkson, H. M. - Kaplan, David M. - Gilmore, David C. - Buckley, Ronald M. - Hochwarter, Wayne A. - Witt, Alan L. (1999), Development and Initial Validation of the Political Skill Inventory, Paper presented at the Academy of Management, 59th Annual National Meeting, Chicago.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Blickle, Gerhard - Schneider, Paula B. - Kramer, Jochen - Zettler, Ingo - Solga, Jutta et al. (2008), "Political Skill Construct and Criterion-Related Validation: A Two-Study Investigation", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 23, No: 7, p. 744.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Davidson, S. L. - Perrewe, Pamela L. (2005), Political Skill at Work: Impact on Work Effectiveness, Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Frink, Dwight D. - Galang, Carmen M. (1993), "Diversity in the Workplace: The Human Resources Management Challenges", Human Resources Planning, Vol. 16, No:l, s. 41-51.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Perrewe, Pamela L. - Douglas, Ceasar (2002), "Social Effectiveness in Organizations: Construct Validity and Research Directions", Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 9, p 49-63.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Treadway, Darren C. - Perrewe', Pamela L.- Brouer, R.L. - Douglas, Ceasar - Lux, S. (2007), "Political Skill in Organizations", Journal of Management, Vol. 33, No. 3, p. 290-320.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Treadway, Darren C. - Kolodinsky, Robert W. - Hochwarter, W. A. -Kacmar, Charles. J. - Douglas, Ceasar - Frink, D. D. (2005), "Development and Validation of the Political Skill Inventory", Journal of Management, Vol. 31, p. 126-152.
  • Ferris, Gerald R. - Witt, Alan L. Hochwarter Wayne A. (2001), "Interaction of Social Skill and General Mental Ability on Job Performance and Salary", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, No: 6, p. 1075-1082.
  • Hall, Angela T. - Blass, Fred R. - Ferris, Gerald R. - Massengale, Randy (2004), "Leader Reputation and Accountability in Organizations: Implications for Dysfunctional Leader Behavior", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 15, p. 515-536.
  • Higgins, Chris A. (2000), The Effect of Applicant Influence Tactics on Recruiter Perceptions of Fit, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Department of Management and Organizations, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
  • Kaplan, David M. (2008), "Political Choices: The Role of Political Skill in Occupational Choice", Career Development International, Vol. 13, No: 1, p. 46-55.
  • Kolodinsky, Robert W. - Hochwarter, Wayne A. - Ferris, Gerald R. (2004), "Nonlinearity in the Relationship Between Political Skill and Work Outcomes: Convergent Evidence From Three Studies", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 65, p. 294-308.
  • Koçel, Tamer (2003), İşletme Yöneticiliği, 9. Baskı, Beta Yayınları
  • Liu, Yongmei - Ferris, Gerald R. - Zinko, Robert - Perrewe, Pamela L. - Weitz, Bart -Xu, Jun (2007), "Predictors and Outcomes of Political Skill and Reputation in Organizations: A Four-Study Investigation with Convergence", Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 71, p. 46-165.
  • Lvina, Elena - Johns, Gary - Treadway, Darren C. -Blickle, Gerhard - Liu, Yongmei -Xu, Jun — Atay, Salim - Zettler, Ingo - Solga, Jutta - Ferris, Gerald R. (baskıda), International Political Skill: Construct and Measure Validation across Five Cultures.
  • Lvina, Elena - Johns, Garry - Bobrova, T. (2009), Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Political Skill Construct: A Validation of the PSI in Russian, Paper presented at the 69th Annual National Meeting of the Academy of Management, Chicago, USA.
  • May, Gary L. - Kahnweiler, William M. (2000), "The Effect of a Mastery Practice Design on Learning and Transfer in Behavior Modeling Training", Personnel Psychology, Vol. 53, p. 353-373.
  • Mayes, Bronston T. - Allen, Robert W. (1977), "Toward a Definition of Organizational Politics", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 2, No: 4, p. 672-678.
  • Mintzberg, Henry (1983), Power in and around Organizatons, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Mintzberg, Henry (1985), "The Organization as Political Arena", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 22, p. 133-154.
  • Pfeffer, Jeffrey (1981), Power in Organizations, Boston: Pitman.
  • Perrewe, Pamela L. - Ferris, Gerald R. - Frink, Dwight. D. - Anthony, William P. (2000), "Political Skill: An Antidote for Workplace Stressors", Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 14, p. 115-123.
  • Perrewe, Pamela L. - Spector, Paul E. (2002), Personality Research in the Organizational Sciences. In Ferris, Gerhard R. - Martocchio, J. J. (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Vol. 21, Oxford, UK: JAI/Elsevier Science, p. 1-63.
  • Perrewe, Pamela L. - Young, Angela M. - Blass, Fred R. (2002), Mentoring with in the Political Arena. In G. R. Ferris, M. R. Buckley, & D. B. Fedor (Eds.), Human Resources Management: Perspectives, Context, Functions, and Outcomes (4th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, p. 343-355.
  • Perrewe, Pamela L. - Zellars, Kelly L. - Ferris, Gerald R. - Rossi, Ana M. - Kacmar, Charles J. - Ralston, David A. (2004), "Neutralizing Job Stressors: Political Skill as an Antidote to the Dysfunctional Consequences of Role Conflict Stressors", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 47, p. 141-152.
  • Perrewe, Pamela L. - Zellars, Kelly L. - Rossi, Ana M. - Ferris, Gerald R. - Kacmar, Charles J. - Liu, Yongmei - Zinko, Robert - Hochwarter, Wayne A. (2005), "Political Skill: An Antidote in the Role Overload-Strain Relationship", Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 10, p. 239-250.
  • Semadar, Assaf - Robins, Garry - Ferris, Gerhard R. (2006), "Comparing the Effects of Multiple Social Effectiveness Constructs in the Prediction of Managerial Performance", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 27, p. 443-461.
  • Thompson, Jeffery A. (2005), "Proactive Personality and Job Performance: A Social Capital Perspective", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90, p. 1011-1017.
  • Treadway, Darren C. - Hochwarter, Wayne. A. - Ferris, Gerald R. - Kacmar, Charles J. -Douglas, Ceasar - Ammeter, Anthony P. - Buckley, M. R. (2004), "Leader Political Skill and Employee Reactions", The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 15, p.493-513.
  • Treadway, Darren C. - Hochwarter, W. A. - Kacmar, Charles J. - Ferris, Gerald. R. (2005), "Political Will, Political Skill, and Political Behavior", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 26, p. 229-245.
  • Zinki, Robert - Ferris, Gerald R. - Blass, Fred R. - Laird, Mary D. (2006), Toward a Theory of Reputation in Organizations, Paper presented at the Academy of Management, 66th Annual National Meeting, Atlanta.