Derinden Bölünmüş Toplumlarda Güç Paylaşımı ve Üçüncü Tarafların Rolü

Bu makalede derinden bölünmüş toplumlarda uygulanabilirliği açısından, oydaşmacı demokrasi, bütünleşmeci yaklaşım, karmaşık güç paylaşımı ve güç bölüşümü diye bilinen dört farklı güç paylaşımı yaklaşımı irdelenmektedir. Güç paylaşımı üzerine yapılan çeşitli çalışmaların incelenmesi sonucunda üçüncü tarafların rolünün sıklıkla göz ardı edildiği saptanmıştır. Oysa derinden bölünmüş toplumlarda güç paylaşımının tesisinde katkıda bulunabilecek, uluslararası örgütler, devletler ve ayrıca çatışan etnik gruplarla yakın ilişkisi olan akraba devletler gibi tam olarak üçüncü taraf olmamakla birlikte çözüm çabalarında önemli roller üstlenebilecek aktörler vardır. Güç paylaşımı rejimlerinin oluşum sürecinde bahsi geçen aktörlerin faaliyetleri yardım ve destek, arabuluculuk, zorlayıcı diplomasi, tahkim (hakemlik), garantörlük ve uluslararası geçici yönetim başlıkları altında kavramsal olarak ayrıştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Power-sharing in Deeply Divided Societies and the Role of Third Parties

In this article, four different power-sharing approaches known as consociational democracy, integrative approach, complex power-sharing and power distribution are reviewed in terms of their applicability in deeply divided societies. The analysis of various studies on power sharing has shown that the role of third parties is often ignored. The third party actors who can contribute to the formation of a power-sharing regime in a deeply divided society include international organizations and states, and kin-states in particular, though are related to a disputant group and hence are not exactly third parties, could play major roles thanks to their close affinity with the ethnic groups in conflict. The involvement of third parties in the making of power-sharing regimes is conceptually distinguished into five roles, which are aid and assistance, mediation, coercive diplomacy, arbitration, guarantorship, and international transitional administration.

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